--- title: Genesis 44:31 — it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, tha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die; and thy servants will bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave. Who acts: father, lad, servants. Genesis 44:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/) / 44:31 # Genesis 44:31 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** father, lad, servants · **What happens:** come, pass, see, not be, die, bring down · **To what, where:** soul, gray hairs, grave · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 44:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — father, lad, servants — and what happens in the verse to soul, gray hairs, grave, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֗ה כִּרְאוֹת֛וֹ כִּי־אֵ֥ין הַנַּ֖עַר וָמֵ֑ת וְהוֹרִ֨ידוּ עֲבָדֶ֜יךָ אֶת־שֵׂיבַ֨ת עַבְדְּךָ֥ אָבִ֛ינוּ בְּיָג֖וֹן שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ [it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die; and thy servants will bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1470/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1355 # text = וְהָיָ֗ה כִּרְאוֹת֛וֹ כִּי־אֵ֥ין הַנַּ֖עַר וָמֵ֑ת וְהוֹרִ֨ידוּ עֲבָדֶ֜יךָ אֶת־שֵׂיבַ֨ת עַבְדְּךָ֥ אָבִ֛ינוּ בְּיָג֖וֹן שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ # verse = GEN.44.31 1-2 וְהָיָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:31!1|MId=o010440310011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=GEN_44:31!1|MId=o010440310012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3-5 כִּרְאוֹת֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=GEN_44:31!2|MId=o010440310021|Strong=3509a 4 רְאוֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 0 root _ Gloss=as|Ref=GEN_44:31!2|MId=o010440310022|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010440310023;A1:010440310041;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=he.sees|Ref=GEN_44:31!2|MId=o010440310023|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_44:31!3|MId=o010440310031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 7 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 4 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].not|Ref=GEN_44:31!4|MId=o010440310041|Strong=0369|Type=negative 8-9 הַנַּ֖עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=GEN_44:31!5|MId=o010440310051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 נַּ֖עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=GEN_44:31!5|MId=o010440310052|Strong=5288 10-11 וָמֵ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:31!6|MId=o010440310061|Strong=2050b 11 מֵ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.will.die|Ref=GEN_44:31!6|MId=o010440310062|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:010440300041;|Type=weqatal 12-13 וְהוֹרִ֨ידוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_44:31!7|MId=o010440310071|Strong=2050b 13 הוֹרִ֨ידוּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.will.bring.down|Ref=GEN_44:31!7|MId=o010440310072|Strong=3381|Frame=AA:010440310081;A0:010440310101;|Type=weqatal 14-15 עֲבָדֶ֜יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עֲבָדֶ֜י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=GEN_44:31!8|MId=o010440310081|Strong=5650 15 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:31!8|MId=o010440310082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_44:31!9|MId=o010440310091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17 שֵׂיבַ֨ת שֵׂיבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=the.gray.hair|Ref=GEN_44:31!10|MId=o010440310101|Strong=7872 18-19 עַבְדְּךָ֥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.servant|Ref=GEN_44:31!11|MId=o010440310111|Strong=5650 19 ְךָ֥ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=GEN_44:31!11|MId=o010440310112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20-21 אָבִ֛ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אָבִ֛י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 appos _ Gloss=father|Ref=GEN_44:31!12|MId=o010440310121|Strong=0001 21 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=GEN_44:31!12|MId=o010440310122|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 22-23 בְּיָג֖וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_44:31!13|MId=o010440310131|Strong=0871a 23 יָג֖וֹן יָגוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=sorrow|Ref=GEN_44:31!13|MId=o010440310132|Strong=3015 24-25 שְׁאֹֽלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 שְׁאֹֽל שְׁאוֹל PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Sheol|Ref=GEN_44:31!14|MId=o010440310141|Strong=7585 25 ָה ה X _ _ 24 nmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_44:31!14|MId=o010440310142|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=GEN_44:31!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** רְאוֹת *as* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *he sees* | אֵין *\[is\] not* | | | | מֵת *he will die* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הוֹרִידוּ *they will bring down* | weqatal · hiphil | שֵׂיבַת *the gray hair* | | | עֲבָדֶי *servants* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִיהֵי כַּד יֶחֱזֵי אֲרֵי לֵית עוּלֵימָא וּמִית וְיַחֲתוּן עַבְדָּיךְ יָת שִׂיבַת עַבְדָּךְ אָבוּנָא בְּדָווֹנָא לִשְׁאוֹל The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [it will come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die; and thy servants will bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1470/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1355`. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.30/) - next →: [Genesis 44:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.32/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/44/)