--- title: Genesis 45:1 — Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.' And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren. Who acts: Joseph, man. Genesis 45:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.45.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/45/) / 45:1 # Genesis 45:1 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Joseph, man · **What happens:** not refrain, stand, cry, cause, go out, make · **To what, where:** Joseph, man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 45:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joseph, man — and what happens in the verse to Joseph, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל יוֹסֵ֜ף לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק לְכֹ֤ל הַנִּצָּבִים֙ עָלָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָ֕א הוֹצִ֥יאוּ כָל־אִ֖ישׁ מֵעָלָ֑י וְלֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָֽיו׃ [Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.' And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1474/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1359 # text = וְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֨ל יוֹסֵ֜ף לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק לְכֹ֤ל הַנִּצָּבִים֙ עָלָ֔יו וַיִּקְרָ֕א הוֹצִ֥יאוּ כָל־אִ֖ישׁ מֵעָלָ֑י וְלֹא־עָ֤מַד אִישׁ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע יוֹסֵ֖ף אֶל־אֶחָֽיו׃ # verse = GEN.45.1 1-2 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45:1!1|MId=o010450010011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_45:1!1|MId=o010450010012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 יָכֹ֨ל יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.was.able|Ref=GEN_45:1!2|MId=o010450010021|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:010450010031;|Type=qatal 4 יוֹסֵ֜ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_45:1!3|MId=o010450010031|Strong=3130 5-6 לְהִתְאַפֵּ֗ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_45:1!4|MId=o010450010041|Strong=3807a 6 הִתְאַפֵּ֗ק אָפַק VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 3 xcomp _ Gloss=restrain.himself|Ref=GEN_45:1!4|MId=o010450010042|Strong=0662|Frame=A0:010450010031;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 לְכֹ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_45:1!5|MId=o010450010051|Strong=3807a 8 כֹ֤ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_45:1!5|MId=o010450010052|Strong=3605 9-10 הַנִּצָּבִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=GEN_45:1!6|MId=o010450010061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 נִּצָּבִים֙ נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=who.were].standing|Ref=GEN_45:1!6|MId=o010450010062|Strong=5324|Type=participle_active 11-12 עָלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עָלָ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_45:1!7|MId=o010450010071|Strong=5921 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_45:1!7|MId=o010450010072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וַיִּקְרָ֕א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45:1!8|MId=o010450010081|Strong=2050b 14 יִּקְרָ֕א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=GEN_45:1!8|MId=o010450010082|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:010450010031;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 הוֹצִ֥יאוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 14 ccomp _ Gloss=send.out|Ref=GEN_45:1!9|MId=o010450010091|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:010450010062;A0:010450010111;|Type=imperative 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=GEN_45:1!10|MId=o010450010101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=GEN_45:1!11|MId=o010450010111|Strong=0376 18-20 מֵעָלָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_45:1!12|MId=o010450010121|Strong=4480 19 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_45:1!12|MId=o010450010122|Strong=5921 20 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=GEN_45:1!12|MId=o010450010123|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45:1!13|MId=o010450010131|Strong=2050b 22 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_45:1!13|MId=o010450010132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 עָ֤מַד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=he.stood|Ref=GEN_45:1!14|MId=o010450010141|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:010450010151;|Type=qatal 24 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=GEN_45:1!15|MId=o010450010151|Strong=0376 25-26 אִתּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=GEN_45:1!16|MId=o010450010161|Strong=0854 26 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_45:1!16|MId=o010450010162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 בְּהִתְוַדַּ֥ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=GEN_45:1!17|MId=o010450010171|Strong=0871a 28 הִתְוַדַּ֥ע יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 23 advcl _ Gloss=made.himself.known|Ref=GEN_45:1!17|MId=o010450010172|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:010450010181;|Type=infinitive_construct 29 יוֹסֵ֖ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 28 nsubj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_45:1!18|MId=o010450010181|Strong=3130 30 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_45:1!19|MId=o010450010191|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 אֶחָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֶחָֽי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obl _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=GEN_45:1!20|MId=o010450010201|Strong=0251 32 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_45:1!20|MId=o010450010202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=GEN_45:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יָכֹל *he was able* | qatal · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | הִתְאַפֵּק *restrain himself* | infinitive construct · hithpael | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | הוֹצִיאוּ *send out* | imperative · hiphil | אִישׁ *man* | | | נִּצָּבִים *who were\] standing* | | **not** עָמַד *he stood* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | | הִתְוַדַּע *made himself known* | infinitive construct · hithpael | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְלָא יְכִיל יוֹסֵף לְאִתְחַסָּנָא לְכֹל דְּקָיְמִין עִלָּוֹהִי וּקְרָא אַפִּיקוּ כָל אֱנַשׁ מֵעִלָּוָי וְלָא קָם אֱנַשׁ עִמֵּהּ כַּד אִתְיְדַע יוֹסֵף לְוַת אֲחוֹהִי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then Joseph could not refrain himself before all them that stood by him; and he cried: 'Cause every man to go out from me.' And there stood no man with him, while Joseph made himself known unto his brethren.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1474/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1359`. - ← previous: [Genesis 44:34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.44.34/) - next →: [Genesis 45:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.45.2/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/45/)