--- title: Genesis 45:3 — And Joseph said unto his brethren: 'I am Joseph; doth my father yet… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joseph said unto his brethren: 'I am Joseph; doth my father yet live?' And his brethren could not answer him; for they were affrighted at his presence. Who acts: Joseph, I, father, brethren. Genesis 45:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.45.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/45/) / 45:3 # Genesis 45:3 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Joseph, I, father, brethren · **What happens:** say, be, live, not answer, affright · **To what, where:** Joseph, brethren, presence · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 45:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joseph, I, father, brethren — and what happens in the verse to Joseph, brethren, presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ אֲנִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף הַע֥וֹד אָבִ֖י חָ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ לַעֲנ֣וֹת אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִבְהֲל֖וּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ [And Joseph said unto his brethren: 'I am Joseph; doth my father yet live?' And his brethren could not answer him; for they were affrighted at his presence.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1476/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1361 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ אֲנִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף הַע֥וֹד אָבִ֖י חָ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ לַעֲנ֣וֹת אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִבְהֲל֖וּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃ # verse = GEN.45.3 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45:3!1|MId=o010450030011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=GEN_45:3!1|MId=o010450030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010450030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹסֵ֤ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joseph|Ref=GEN_45:3!2|MId=o010450030021|Strong=3130 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_45:3!3|MId=o010450030031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 אֶחָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֶחָי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=GEN_45:3!4|MId=o010450030041|Strong=0251 6 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_45:3!4|MId=o010450030042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=GEN_45:3!5|MId=o010450030051|Strong=0589|Type=personal 8 יוֹסֵ֔ף יוֹסֵף PROPN _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].Joseph|Ref=GEN_45:3!6|MId=o010450030061|Strong=3130 9-10 הַע֥וֹד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=GEN_45:3!7|MId=o010450030071|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 10 ע֥וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=GEN_45:3!7|MId=o010450030072|Strong=5750 11-12 אָבִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אָב אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=GEN_45:3!8|MId=o010450030081|Strong=0001 12 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].my|Ref=GEN_45:3!8|MId=o010450030082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13 חָ֑י חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=living|Ref=GEN_45:3!9|MId=o010450030091|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 14-15 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45:3!10|MId=o010450030101|Strong=2050b 15 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_45:3!10|MId=o010450030102|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 יָכְל֤וּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=they.were.able|Ref=GEN_45:3!11|MId=o010450030111|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:010450030121;|Type=qatal 17-18 אֶחָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֶחָי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=brothers|Ref=GEN_45:3!12|MId=o010450030121|Strong=0251 18 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=GEN_45:3!12|MId=o010450030122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 לַעֲנ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_45:3!13|MId=o010450030131|Strong=3807a 20 עֲנ֣וֹת עָנָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 xcomp _ Gloss=answer|Ref=GEN_45:3!13|MId=o010450030132|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:010450030121;A1:010450030142;|Type=infinitive_construct 21-22 אֹת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_45:3!14|MId=o010450030141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 22 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_45:3!14|MId=o010450030142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=GEN_45:3!15|MId=o010450030151|Strong=3588 24 נִבְהֲל֖וּ בָּהַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=they.were.terrified|Ref=GEN_45:3!16|MId=o010450030161|Strong=0926|Frame=A0:010450030121;|Type=qatal 25-27 מִפָּנָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_45:3!17|MId=o010450030171|Strong=4480 26 פָּנָֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_45:3!17|MId=o010450030172|Strong=6440 27 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_45:3!17|MId=o010450030173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=GEN_45:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹסֵף *Joseph* | | | | | **not** יָכְלוּ *they were able* | qatal · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | | | | | עֲנוֹת *answer* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶחָי *brothers* | וֹ *him* | | | | נִבְהֲלוּ *they were terrified* | qatal · niphal | אֶחָי *brothers* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יוֹסֵף לַאֲחוֹהִי אֲנָא יוֹסֵף הַעַד כְּעַן אַבָּא קַיָּם וְלָא יָכִילוּ אֲחוֹהִי לַאֲתָבָא יָתֵהּ פִּתְגָּם ארֵי אִתְבְּהִילוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joseph said unto his brethren: 'I am Joseph; doth my father yet live?' And his brethren could not answer him; for they were affrighted at his presence.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1476/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1361`. - ← previous: [Genesis 45:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.45.2/) - next →: [Genesis 45:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.45.4/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/45/)