--- title: Genesis 47:18 — And when that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him: 'We will not hide from my lord, how that our money is all spent; and the herds of cattle are my lord's; there is nought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands. Who acts: cattle, We, herds, nough --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.47.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/47/) / 47:18 # Genesis 47:18 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** cattle, We, herds, nought · **What happens:** end, come, say, not hide, spend, be · **To what, where:** year, money, sight, lord · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Genesis 47:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — cattle, We, herds, nought — and what happens in the verse to year, money, sight, lord, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּתֹּם֮ הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִוא֒ וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלָ֜יו בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־נְכַחֵ֣ד מֵֽאֲדֹנִ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־תַּ֣ם הַכֶּ֔סֶף וּמִקְנֵ֥ה הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֑י לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י בִּלְתִּ֥י אִם־גְּוִיָּתֵ֖נוּ וְאַדְמָתֵֽנוּ׃ [And when that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him: 'We will not hide from my lord, how that our money is all spent; and the herds of cattle are my lord's; there is nought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1559/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:1438 # text = וַתִּתֹּם֮ הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִוא֒ וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלָ֜יו בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־נְכַחֵ֣ד מֵֽאֲדֹנִ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־תַּ֣ם הַכֶּ֔סֶף וּמִקְנֵ֥ה הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֑י לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י בִּלְתִּ֥י אִם־גְּוִיָּתֵ֖נוּ וְאַדְמָתֵֽנוּ׃ # verse = GEN.47.18 1-2 וַתִּתֹּם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_47:18!1|MId=o010470180011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּתֹּם֮ תָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.finished|Ref=GEN_47:18!1|MId=o010470180012|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:010470180022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַשָּׁנָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_47:18!2|MId=o010470180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שָּׁנָ֣ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=year|Ref=GEN_47:18!2|MId=o010470180022|Strong=8141 5-6 הַהִוא֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_47:18!3|MId=o010470180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 הִוא֒ הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_47:18!3|MId=o010470180032|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 7-8 וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_47:18!4|MId=o010470180041|Strong=2050b 8 יָּבֹ֨אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=GEN_47:18!4|MId=o010470180042|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:010470150091;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 אֵלָ֜יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֵלָ֜י אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_47:18!5|MId=o010470180051|Strong=0413 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_47:18!5|MId=o010470180052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-13 בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_47:18!6|MId=o010470180061|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_47:18!6|MId=o010470180061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 שָּׁנָ֣ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=year|Ref=GEN_47:18!6|MId=o010470180062|Strong=8141 14-15 הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_47:18!7|MId=o010470180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 שֵּׁנִ֗ית שֵׁנִי NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nummod _ Gloss=second|Ref=GEN_47:18!7|MId=o010470180072|Strong=8145|Type=ordinal_number 16-17 וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_47:18!8|MId=o010470180081|Strong=2050b 17 יֹּ֤אמְרוּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=GEN_47:18!8|MId=o010470180082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:010470150091;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_47:18!9|MId=o010470180091|Strong=3807a 19 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_47:18!9|MId=o010470180092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_47:18!10|MId=o010470180101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 21 נְכַחֵ֣ד כָּחַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=1 17 ccomp _ Gloss=we.will.hide|Ref=GEN_47:18!11|MId=o010470180111|Strong=3582|Frame=A0:010470150091;A1:010470180221;|Type=yiqtol 22-24 מֵֽאֲדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_47:18!12|MId=o010470180121|Strong=4480 23 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=lord|Ref=GEN_47:18!12|MId=o010470180122|Strong=0113 24 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_47:18!12|MId=o010470180123|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 25 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=GEN_47:18!13|MId=o010470180131|Strong=3588 26 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 25 fixed _ Gloss=if|Ref=GEN_47:18!14|MId=o010470180141|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 27 תַּ֣ם תָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 ccomp _ Gloss=it.has.been.finished|Ref=GEN_47:18!15|MId=o010470180151|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:010470180162;|Type=qatal 28-29 הַכֶּ֔סֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_47:18!16|MId=o010470180161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 כֶּ֔סֶף כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=money|Ref=GEN_47:18!16|MId=o010470180162|Strong=3701 30-31 וּמִקְנֵ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_47:18!17|MId=o010470180171|Strong=2050b 31 מִקְנֵ֥ה מִקְנֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=the.livestock|Ref=GEN_47:18!17|MId=o010470180172|Strong=4735 32-33 הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_47:18!18|MId=o010470180181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 בְּהֵמָ֖ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cattle|Ref=GEN_47:18!18|MId=o010470180182|Strong=0929 34 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[is].to|Ref=GEN_47:18!19|MId=o010470180191|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 אֲדֹנִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=lord|Ref=GEN_47:18!20|MId=o010470180201|Strong=0113 36 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_47:18!20|MId=o010470180202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 37 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_47:18!21|MId=o010470180211|Strong=3808|Type=negative 38 נִשְׁאַר֙ שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 parataxis _ Gloss=it.is.left|Ref=GEN_47:18!22|MId=o010470180221|Strong=7604|Type=qatal 39-40 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=GEN_47:18!23|MId=o010470180231|Strong=3807a 40 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 38 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=GEN_47:18!23|MId=o010470180232|Strong=6440 41-42 אֲדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=lord|Ref=GEN_47:18!24|MId=o010470180241|Strong=0113 42 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=GEN_47:18!24|MId=o010470180242|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 43 בִּלְתִּ֥י בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=GEN_47:18!25|MId=o010470180251|Strong=1115 44 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 45 mark _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=GEN_47:18!26|MId=o010470180261|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 45-46 גְּוִיָּתֵ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 גְּוִיָּת גְּוִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=body|Ref=GEN_47:18!27|MId=o010470180271|Strong=1472 46 ֵ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=GEN_47:18!27|MId=o010470180272|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 47-49 וְאַדְמָתֵֽנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 48 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_47:18!28|MId=o010470180281|Strong=2050b 48 אַדְמָת אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 45 conj _ Gloss=land|Ref=GEN_47:18!28|MId=o010470180282|Strong=0127 49 ֵֽנוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=GEN_47:18!28|MId=o010470180283|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=GEN_47:18!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּתֹּם *it was finished* | wayyiqtol · qal | שָּׁנָה *year* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** נְכַחֵד *we will hide* | yiqtol · piel | | נִשְׁאַר *it is left* | | | | תַּם *it has been finished* | qatal · qal | כֶּסֶף *money* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּשְׁלִימַת שַׁתָּא הַהִיא וַאֲתוֹ לְוָתֵהּ בְּשַׁתָּא תִנְיֵתָא וַאֲמָרוּ לֵהּ לָא נְכַסֵּי מִן רִבּוֹנִי אֶלָּהֵין שְׁלִים כַּסְפָּא וְגֵּיתֵי בְעִירָא לְוַת רִבּוֹנִי לָא אִשְׁתָּאַר קֳדָם רִבּוֹנִי אֶלָּהֵין גְּוִיָתָנָא וְאַרְעָנָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when that year was ended, they came unto him the second year, and said unto him: 'We will not hide from my lord, how that our money is all spent; and the herds of cattle are my lord's; there is nought left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.1559/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:1438`. - ← previous: [Genesis 47:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.47.17/) - next →: [Genesis 47:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.47.19/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/47/)