--- title: Genesis 7:19 — And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the hig… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under the whole heaven were covered. Who acts: waters, high mountains. Genesis 7:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.7.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/7/) / 7:19 # Genesis 7:19 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** waters, high mountains · **What happens:** prevail, be, cover · **To what, where:** earth, whole heaven, high mountains This is Genesis 7:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — waters, high mountains — and what happens in the verse to earth, whole heaven, high mountains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַמַּ֗יִם גָּֽבְר֛וּ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹ֖ד עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ כָּל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ [And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under the whole heaven were covered.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.190/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:178 # text = וְהַמַּ֗יִם גָּֽבְר֛וּ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹ֖ד עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ כָּל־הֶֽהָרִים֙ הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ # verse = GEN.7.19 1-3 וְהַמַּ֗יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_7:19!1|MId=o010070190011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:19!1|MId=o010070190012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מַּ֗יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=GEN_7:19!1|MId=o010070190013|Strong=4325 4 גָּֽבְר֛וּ גָּבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.increased|Ref=GEN_7:19!2|MId=o010070190021|Strong=1396|Frame=A0:010070190013;|Type=qatal 5 מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=GEN_7:19!3|MId=o010070190031|Strong=3966 6 מְאֹ֖ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=exceedingly|Ref=GEN_7:19!4|MId=o010070190041|Strong=3966 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_7:19!5|MId=o010070190051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:19!6|MId=o010070190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_7:19!6|MId=o010070190062|Strong=0776 10-11 וַיְכֻסּ֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_7:19!7|MId=o010070190071|Strong=2050b 11 יְכֻסּ֗וּ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.were.covered|Ref=GEN_7:19!7|MId=o010070190072|Strong=3680|Frame=A1:010070190092;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_7:19!8|MId=o010070190081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הֶֽהָרִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:19!9|MId=o010070190091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 הָרִים֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=GEN_7:19!9|MId=o010070190092|Strong=2022 15-16 הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=GEN_7:19!10|MId=o010070190101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 גְּבֹהִ֔ים גָּבֹהַּ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 amod _ Gloss=high|Ref=GEN_7:19!10|MId=o010070190102|Strong=1364|Type=adjective 17 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_7:19!11|MId=o010070190111|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 18 תַּ֖חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[were].under|Ref=GEN_7:19!12|MId=o010070190121|Strong=8478 19 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_7:19!13|MId=o010070190131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַשָּׁמָֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:19!14|MId=o010070190141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 שָּׁמָֽיִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=GEN_7:19!14|MId=o010070190142|Strong=8064 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=GEN_7:19!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גָּֽבְרוּ *they increased* | qatal · qal | מַּיִם *waters* | | | | | יְכֻסּוּ *they were covered* | wayyiqtol · pual | | הָרִים *mountains* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּמַיָּא תְּקִיפוּ לַחֲדָא לַחֲדָא עַל אַרְעָא וְאִתְחֲפִיאוּ כָּל טוּרַיָּא רָמַיָּא דִּי תְחוֹת כָּל שְׁמַיָּא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under the whole heaven were covered.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.190/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:178`. - ← previous: [Genesis 7:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.7.18/) - next →: [Genesis 7:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.7.20/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/7/)