--- title: Genesis 7:23 — And He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and creeping thing, and fowl of the heaven; and they were blotted out from the earth; and Noah only was left, and they that were with him in the ark. Who acts: flesh, living substance. Genesis 7:23 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.7.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/7/) / 7:23 # Genesis 7:23 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** flesh, living substance · **What happens:** blot out, be, leave · **To what, where:** living substance, cattle, earth, Noah, ark This is Genesis 7:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — flesh, living substance — and what happens in the verse to living substance, cattle, earth, Noah, ark, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּ֜מַח אֶֽת־כָּל־הַיְק֣וּם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֗ה מֵאָדָ֤ם עַד־בְּהֵמָה֙ עַד־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ וְעַד־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּמָּח֖וּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִשָּׁ֧אֶראַךְ־נֹ֛חַ וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּתֵּבָֽה׃ [And He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and creeping thing, and fowl of the heaven; and they were blotted out from the earth; and Noah only was left, and they that were with him in the ark.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.194/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:182 # text = וַיִּ֜מַח אֶֽת־כָּל־הַיְק֣וּם ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֗ה מֵאָדָ֤ם עַד־בְּהֵמָה֙ עַד־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ וְעַד־ע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיִּמָּח֖וּ מִן־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִשָּׁ֧אֶראַךְ־נֹ֛חַ וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּתֵּבָֽה׃ # verse = GEN.7.23 1-2 וַיִּ֜מַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_7:23!1|MId=o010070230011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּ֜מַח מָחָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.wiped.out|Ref=GEN_7:23!1|MId=o010070230012|Strong=4229|Frame=A0:010070160121;A1:010070230042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_7:23!2|MId=o010070230021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=GEN_7:23!3|MId=o010070230031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַיְק֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:23!4|MId=o010070230041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 יְק֣וּם יְקוּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=existence|Ref=GEN_7:23!4|MId=o010070230042|Strong=3351 7 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Ref=GEN_7:23!4 8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=GEN_7:23!5|MId=o010070230051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 8 punct _ Ref=GEN_7:23!5 10 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[was].on|Ref=GEN_7:23!6|MId=o010070230061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 11 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.surface|Ref=GEN_7:23!7|MId=o010070230071|Strong=6440 12-13 הָֽאֲדָמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_7:23!8|MId=o010070230081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אֲדָמָ֗ה אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ground|Ref=GEN_7:23!8|MId=o010070230082|Strong=0127 14-15 מֵאָדָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_7:23!9|MId=o010070230091|Strong=4480 15 אָדָ֤ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=GEN_7:23!9|MId=o010070230092|Strong=0120 16 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=GEN_7:23!10|MId=o010070230101|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 17 בְּהֵמָה֙ בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=GEN_7:23!11|MId=o010070230111|Strong=0929 18 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=GEN_7:23!12|MId=o010070230121|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 19 רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ רֶמֶשׂ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=creeping.thing[s]|Ref=GEN_7:23!13|MId=o010070230131|Strong=7431 20-21 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_7:23!14|MId=o010070230141|Strong=2050b 21 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=GEN_7:23!14|MId=o010070230142|Strong=5704 22 ע֣וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=the.bird[s]|Ref=GEN_7:23!15|MId=o010070230151|Strong=5775 23-24 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_7:23!16|MId=o010070230161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=GEN_7:23!16|MId=o010070230162|Strong=8064 25-26 וַיִּמָּח֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_7:23!17|MId=o010070230171|Strong=2050b 26 יִּמָּח֖וּ מָחָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.wiped.out|Ref=GEN_7:23!17|MId=o010070230172|Strong=4229|Frame=A1:010070230042;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=GEN_7:23!18|MId=o010070230181|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:23!19|MId=o010070230191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_7:23!19|MId=o010070230192|Strong=0776 30-32 וַיִשָּׁ֧אֶראַךְ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_7:23!20|MId=o010070230201|Strong=2050b 31 יִשָּׁ֧אֶר שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.was.left|Ref=GEN_7:23!20|MId=o010070230202|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:010070230221;010070230242;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 אַךְ־ אַךְ ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=only|Ref=GEN_7:23!21|MId=o010070230211|Strong=0389|Type=affirmation 33 נֹ֛חַ נֹחַ PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Noah|Ref=GEN_7:23!22|MId=o010070230221|Strong=5146 34-35 וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and.[those]|Ref=GEN_7:23!23|MId=o010070230231|Strong=2050b 35 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=GEN_7:23!23|MId=o010070230232|Strong=0834|Type=relative 36-37 אִתּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=[were].with|Ref=GEN_7:23!24|MId=o010070230241|Strong=0854 37 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=GEN_7:23!24|MId=o010070230242|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38-40 בַּתֵּבָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_7:23!25|MId=o010070230251|Strong=0871a 39 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_7:23!25|MId=o010070230251ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 תֵּבָֽה תֵּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 37 obl _ Gloss=ark|Ref=GEN_7:23!25|MId=o010070230252|Strong=8392 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=GEN_7:23!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּמַח *he wiped out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יְקוּם *existence* | | | | יִּמָּחוּ *they were wiped out* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | יְקוּם *existence* | | | | יִשָּׁאֶר *he was left* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | נֹחַ *Noah* + וֹ *him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּמְחָא יָת כָּל יְקוּמָא דִּי עַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא מֵאֱנָשָׁא עַד בְּעִירָא עַד רִחֲשָׁא וְעַד עוֹפָא דִּשְׁמַיָּא וְאִתְמְחִיאוּ מִן אַרְעָא וְאִשְׁתָּאַר בְּרַם נֹחַ וְדִי עִמֵּהּ בְּתֵבוֹתָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And He blotted out every living substance which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and creeping thing, and fowl of the heaven; and they were blotted out from the earth; and Noah only was left, and they that were with him in the ark.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.194/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:182`. - ← previous: [Genesis 7:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.7.22/) - next →: [Genesis 7:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.7.24/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/7/)