--- title: Genesis 9:23 — And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their sho… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness. Who acts: Shem, faces. Genesis 9:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Genesis](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/9/) / 9:23 # Genesis 9:23 בְּרֵאשִׁית **Who acts:** Shem, faces · **What happens:** take, lay, go, cover, be, not see · **To what, where:** garment, shoulders, nakedness This is Genesis 9:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Shem, faces — and what happens in the verse to garment, shoulders, nakedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 50 chapters of Genesis on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּח֩ שֵׁ֨ם וָיֶ֜פֶת אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֗ה וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־שְׁכֶ֣ם שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וַיְכַסּ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶם֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃ [And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.240/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:GEN:228 # text = וַיִּקַּח֩ שֵׁ֨ם וָיֶ֜פֶת אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֗ה וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ עַל־שְׁכֶ֣ם שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וַיְכַסּ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עֶרְוַ֣ת אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וּפְנֵיהֶם֙ אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃ # verse = GEN.9.23 1-2 וַיִּקַּח֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!1|MId=o010090230011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּח֩ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=GEN_9:23!1|MId=o010090230012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:010090230021;010090230032;A1:010090230052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שֵׁ֨ם שֵׁם PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Shem|Ref=GEN_9:23!2|MId=o010090230021|Strong=8035 4-5 וָיֶ֜פֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!3|MId=o010090230031|Strong=2050b 5 יֶ֜פֶת יֶפֶת PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Japheth|Ref=GEN_9:23!3|MId=o010090230032|Strong=3315 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_9:23!4|MId=o010090230041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַשִּׂמְלָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_9:23!5|MId=o010090230051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שִּׂמְלָ֗ה שִׂמְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=garment|Ref=GEN_9:23!5|MId=o010090230052|Strong=8071 9-10 וַיָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!6|MId=o010090230061|Strong=2050b 10 יָּשִׂ֙ימוּ֙ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.put.[it]|Ref=GEN_9:23!6|MId=o010090230062|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:010090230021;010090230032;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=GEN_9:23!7|MId=o010090230071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 שְׁכֶ֣ם שְׁכֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.shoulder|Ref=GEN_9:23!8|MId=o010090230081|Strong=7926 13-14 שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 שְׁנֵי שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 14 nummod _ Gloss=of|Ref=GEN_9:23!9|MId=o010090230091|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 14 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=both.of.them|Ref=GEN_9:23!9|MId=o010090230092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!10|MId=o010090230101|Strong=2050b 16 יֵּֽלְכוּ֙ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.walked|Ref=GEN_9:23!10|MId=o010090230102|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:010090230021;010090230032;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית אֲחֹרַנִּית ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=backwards|Ref=GEN_9:23!11|MId=o010090230111|Strong=0322 18-19 וַיְכַסּ֕וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!12|MId=o010090230121|Strong=2050b 19 יְכַסּ֕וּ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.covered|Ref=GEN_9:23!12|MId=o010090230122|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:010090230021;010090230032;A1:010090230141;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=GEN_9:23!13|MId=o010090230131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 עֶרְוַ֣ת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=the.nakedness|Ref=GEN_9:23!14|MId=o010090230141|Strong=6172 22-23 אֲבִיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֲבִי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.father|Ref=GEN_9:23!15|MId=o010090230151|Strong=0001 23 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_9:23!15|MId=o010090230152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-26 וּפְנֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!16|MId=o010090230161|Strong=2050b 25 פְנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=GEN_9:23!16|MId=o010090230162|Strong=6440 26 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_9:23!16|MId=o010090230163|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27 אֲחֹ֣רַנִּ֔ית אֲחֹרַנִּית ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].backwards|Ref=GEN_9:23!17|MId=o010090230171|Strong=0322 28-29 וְעֶרְוַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_9:23!18|MId=o010090230181|Strong=2050b 29 עֶרְוַ֥ת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=the.nakedness|Ref=GEN_9:23!18|MId=o010090230182|Strong=6172 30-31 אֲבִיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֲבִי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.father|Ref=GEN_9:23!19|MId=o010090230191|Strong=0001 31 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=GEN_9:23!19|MId=o010090230192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=GEN_9:23!20|MId=o010090230201|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33 רָאֽוּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=GEN_9:23!21|MId=o010090230211|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:010090230021;010090230032;A1:010090230182;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=GEN_9:23!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֵׁם *Shem* + יֶפֶת *Japheth* | שִּׂמְלָה *garment* | | | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they put \[it\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֵׁם *Shem* + יֶפֶת *Japheth* | | | | | יֵּֽלְכוּ *they walked* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֵׁם *Shem* + יֶפֶת *Japheth* | | | | | יְכַסּוּ *they covered* | wayyiqtol · piel | שֵׁם *Shem* + יֶפֶת *Japheth* | עֶרְוַת *the nakedness* | | | | **not** רָאֽוּ *they saw* | qatal · qal | שֵׁם *Shem* + יֶפֶת *Japheth* | עֶרְוַת *the nakedness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְסֵיב שֵׁם וָיֶפֶת יָת כְּסוּתָא וְשַׁוִּיוּ עַל כְּתַף תַּרְוֵיהוֹן וַאֲזָלוּ מְחַזְרִין וַחֲפִיאוּ יָת עֶרְיְתָא דַּאֲבוּהוֹן וְאַפֵּיהוֹן מְחַזְרִין וְעֶרְיְתָא דַּאֲבוּהוֹן לָא חֲזוֹ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went backward, and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were backward, and they saw not their father's nakedness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/GEN.240/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:GEN:228`. - ← previous: [Genesis 9:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.22/) - next →: [Genesis 9:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN.9.24/) - ↑ back to [Genesis 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/GEN/9/)