--- title: Leviticus 10:1 — And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer, and put fire therein, and laid incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them. Who acts: Nadab, Aaron. Leviticus 10:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.10.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/10/) / 10:1 # Leviticus 10:1 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** Nadab, Aaron · **What happens:** take, put, lay, offer, not command · **To what, where:** each, fire, incense, strange fire, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Leviticus 10:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Nadab, Aaron — and what happens in the verse to each, fire, incense, strange fire, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ [And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer, and put fire therein, and laid incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.235/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:232 # text = וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ # verse = LEV.10.1 1-2 וַיִּקְח֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_10:1!1|MId=o030100010011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְח֣וּ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.took|Ref=LEV_10:1!1|MId=o030100010012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:030100010021;A1:030100010071;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.sons|Ref=LEV_10:1!2|MId=o030100010021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 אַ֠הֲרֹן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aaron|Ref=LEV_10:1!3|MId=o030100010031|Strong=0175 5 נָדָ֨ב נָדָב PROPN _ _ 3 appos _ Gloss=Nadab|Ref=LEV_10:1!4|MId=o030100010041|Strong=5070 6-7 וַאֲבִיה֜וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_10:1!5|MId=o030100010051|Strong=2050b 7 אֲבִיה֜וּא אֲבִיהוּא PROPN _ _ 5 conj _ Gloss=Abihu|Ref=LEV_10:1!5|MId=o030100010052|Strong=0030 8 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=LEV_10:1!6|MId=o030100010061|Strong=0376 9-10 מַחְתָּת֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מַחְתָּת מַחְתָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=censer|Ref=LEV_10:1!7|MId=o030100010071|Strong=4289 10 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_10:1!7|MId=o030100010072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_10:1!8|MId=o030100010081|Strong=2050b 12 יִּתְּנ֤וּ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.put|Ref=LEV_10:1!8|MId=o030100010082|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:030100010021;A1:030100010101;|Type=wayyiqtol 13-14 בָהֵן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LEV_10:1!9|MId=o030100010091|Strong=0871a 14 ָהֵן֙ הֵן PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_10:1!9|MId=o030100010092|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 15 אֵ֔שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=fire|Ref=LEV_10:1!10|MId=o030100010101|Strong=0784 16-17 וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_10:1!11|MId=o030100010111|Strong=2050b 17 יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.placed|Ref=LEV_10:1!11|MId=o030100010112|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:030100010021;A1:030100010131;|Type=wayyiqtol 18-19 עָלֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עָלֶ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LEV_10:1!12|MId=o030100010121|Strong=5921 19 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=LEV_10:1!12|MId=o030100010122|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20 קְטֹ֑רֶת קְטֹרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=incense|Ref=LEV_10:1!13|MId=o030100010131|Strong=7004 21-22 וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_10:1!14|MId=o030100010141|Strong=2050b 22 יַּקְרִ֜בוּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.presented|Ref=LEV_10:1!14|MId=o030100010142|Strong=7126|Frame=AA:030100010021;A0:030100010171;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 לִפְנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=LEV_10:1!15|MId=o030100010151|Strong=3807a 24 פְנֵ֤י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=LEV_10:1!15|MId=o030100010152|Strong=6440 25 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LEV_10:1!16|MId=o030100010161|Strong=3068 26 אֵ֣שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=fire|Ref=LEV_10:1!17|MId=o030100010171|Strong=0784 27 זָרָ֔ה זָר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 amod _ Gloss=strange|Ref=LEV_10:1!18|MId=o030100010181|Strong=2114b|Type=adjective 28 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_10:1!19|MId=o030100010191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29 לֹ֦א לֹא ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LEV_10:1!20|MId=o030100010201|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30 צִוָּ֖ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=LEV_10:1!21|MId=o030100010211|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:030100010161;A1:030100010222;|Type=qatal 31-32 אֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=|Ref=LEV_10:1!22|MId=o030100010221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_10:1!22|MId=o030100010222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=LEV_10:1!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְחוּ *they took* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the sons* | מַחְתָּת *censer* | | | | יִּתְּנוּ *they put* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the sons* | אֵשׁ *fire* | | | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they placed* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the sons* | קְטֹרֶת *incense* | | | | יַּקְרִבוּ *they presented* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אֵשׁ *fire* | | | בְנֵֽי־ *the sons* | | **not** צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְסִיבוּ בְנֵי אַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא גְבַר מַחְתִּיתֵהּ וִיהָבוּ בְהוֹן אֶשָׁתָא וְשַׁוִיאוּ עֲלַהּ קְטוֹרֶת וְקָרִיבוּ קֳדָם יְיָ אֶשָׁתָא נוּכְרֵיתָא דִי לָא פַקִיד יָתְהוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took each of them his censer, and put fire therein, and laid incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which He had not commanded them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.235/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:232`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 9:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.9.24/) - next →: [Leviticus 10:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.10.2/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/10/)