--- title: Leviticus 11:23 — But all winged swarming things, which have four feet, are a detestab… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But all winged swarming things, which have four feet, are a detestable thing unto you. Who acts: winged swarming things. Leviticus 11:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/) / 11:23 # Leviticus 11:23 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** winged swarming things · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** four feet, detestable thing This is Leviticus 11:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — winged swarming things — and what happens in the verse to four feet, detestable thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ [But all winged swarming things, which have four feet, are a detestable thing unto you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.277/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:274 # text = וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ # verse = LEV.11.23 1-2 וְכֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_11:23!1|MId=o030110230011|Strong=2050b 2 כֹל֙ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 dislocated _ Gloss=every|Ref=LEV_11:23!1|MId=o030110230012|Strong=3605 3 שֶׁ֣רֶץ שֶׁרֶץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).swarming.thing|Ref=LEV_11:23!2|MId=o030110230021|Strong=8318 4-5 הָע֔וֹף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=LEV_11:23!3|MId=o030110230031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 ע֔וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=insect|Ref=LEV_11:23!3|MId=o030110230032|Strong=5775 6 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_11:23!4|MId=o030110230041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=LEV_11:23!5|MId=o030110230051|Strong=3807a 8 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=LEV_11:23!5|MId=o030110230052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9 אַרְבַּ֣ע אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=four|Ref=LEV_11:23!6|MId=o030110230061|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 10 רַגְלָ֑יִם רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 8 nsubj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=LEV_11:23!7|MId=o030110230071|Strong=7272 11 שֶׁ֥קֶץ שֶׁקֶץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].a.detestable.thing|Ref=LEV_11:23!8|MId=o030110230081|Strong=8263 12 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=LEV_11:23!9|MId=o030110230091|Strong=1931|Type=personal 13-14 לָכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_11:23!10|MId=o030110230101|Strong=3807a 14 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LEV_11:23!10|MId=o030110230102|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=LEV_11:23!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no MACULA marks no verb frame in this verse. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְכֹל רִחֲשָׁא דְעוֹפָא דִי לֵהּ אַרְבַּע רַגְלִין שִׁקְצָא הוּא לְכוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But all winged swarming things, which have four feet, are a detestable thing unto you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.277/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:274`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 11:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.22/) - next →: [Leviticus 11:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.11.24/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/11/)