--- title: Leviticus 18:16 — Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife: it is th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife: it is thy brother's nakedness. Who acts: Thou, nakedness. Leviticus 18:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/18/) / 18:16 # Leviticus 18:16 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** Thou, nakedness · **What happens:** not uncover, be · **To what, where:** nakedness This is Leviticus 18:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, nakedness — and what happens in the verse to nakedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ס [Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife: it is thy brother's nakedness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.527/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:521 # text = עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃ס # verse = LEV.18.16 1 עֶרְוַ֥ת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=the.nakedness|Ref=LEV_18:16!1|MId=o030180160011|Strong=6172 2 אֵֽשֶׁת־ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.wife|Ref=LEV_18:16!2|MId=o030180160021|Strong=0802|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 אָחִ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אָחִ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.brother|Ref=LEV_18:16!3|MId=o030180160031|Strong=0251 4 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LEV_18:16!3|MId=o030180160032|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 5 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LEV_18:16!4|MId=o030180160041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 תְגַלֵּ֑ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.uncover|Ref=LEV_18:16!5|MId=o030180160051|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:030180020031;A1:030180160011;|Type=yiqtol 7 עֶרְוַ֥ת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].the.nakedness|Ref=LEV_18:16!6|MId=o030180160061|Strong=6172 8-9 אָחִ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אָחִ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.brother|Ref=LEV_18:16!7|MId=o030180160071|Strong=0251 9 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LEV_18:16!7|MId=o030180160072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10 הִֽוא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=LEV_18:16!8|MId=o030180160081|Strong=1931a|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 11 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=LEV_18:16!8|SpaceAfter=No 12 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=LEV_18:16!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תְגַלֵּה *you will uncover* | yiqtol · piel | | עֶרְוַת *the nakedness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} עֶרְיַת אִתַּת אֲחוּךְ לָא תְגַלֵי עֶרְיַת אֲחוּךְ הִיא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of thy brother's wife: it is thy brother's nakedness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.527/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:521`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 18:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.15/) - next →: [Leviticus 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.17/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/18/)