--- title: Leviticus 18:18 — And thou shalt not take a woman to her sister, to be a rival to her,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And thou shalt not take a woman to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her lifetime. Who acts: thou. Leviticus 18:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/18/) / 18:18 # Leviticus 18:18 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** thou · **What happens:** not take, be, uncover · **To what, where:** woman, sister, rival, wife, nakedness, other This is Leviticus 18:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou — and what happens in the verse to woman, sister, rival, wife, nakedness, other, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח לִצְרֹ֗ר לְגַלּ֧וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ׃ [And thou shalt not take a woman to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her lifetime.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.529/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:523 # text = וְאִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח לִצְרֹ֗ר לְגַלּ֧וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ׃ # verse = LEV.18.18 1-2 וְאִשָּׁ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_18:18!1|MId=o030180180011|Strong=2050b 2 אִשָּׁ֥ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=a.woman|Ref=LEV_18:18!1|MId=o030180180012|Strong=0802 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_18:18!2|MId=o030180180021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 אֲחֹתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֲחֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=sister|Ref=LEV_18:18!3|MId=o030180180031|Strong=0269 5 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_18:18!3|MId=o030180180032|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 6 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LEV_18:18!4|MId=o030180180041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 תִקָּ֑ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.take|Ref=LEV_18:18!5|MId=o030180180051|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:030180020031;A1:030180180012;|Type=yiqtol 8-9 לִצְרֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_18:18!6|MId=o030180180061|Strong=3807a 9 צְרֹ֗ר צָרַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=make.[her].a.rival.wife|Ref=LEV_18:18!6|MId=o030180180062|Strong=6887b|Frame=A0:030180180012;|Type=infinitive_construct 10-11 לְגַלּ֧וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_18:18!7|MId=o030180180071|Strong=3807a 11 גַלּ֧וֹת גָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 7 advcl _ Gloss=uncover|Ref=LEV_18:18!7|MId=o030180180072|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:030180020031;A1:030180180081;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עֶרְוָת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=nakedness|Ref=LEV_18:18!8|MId=o030180180081|Strong=6172 13 ָ֛הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_18:18!8|MId=o030180180082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14-15 עָלֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עָלֶ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=LEV_18:18!9|MId=o030180180091|Strong=5921 15 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_18:18!9|MId=o030180180092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16-18 בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LEV_18:18!10|MId=o030180180101|Strong=0871a 17 חַיֶּֽי חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=LEV_18:18!10|MId=o030180180102|Strong=2416 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_18:18!10|MId=o030180180103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=LEV_18:18!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תִקָּח *you will take* | yiqtol · qal | | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | | | צְרֹר *make \[her\] a rival wife* | infinitive construct · qal | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | | | | גַלּוֹת *uncover* | infinitive construct · piel | | עֶרְוָת *nakedness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְאִתְּתָא עִם אֲחָתָהּ לָא תִסָב לְעָקָאָה לְגַלָאָה עֶרְיְתָהּ עֲלָהּ בְּחַיָיהָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And thou shalt not take a woman to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her lifetime.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.529/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:523`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 18:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.17/) - next →: [Leviticus 18:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.19/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/18/)