--- title: Leviticus 18:24 — Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things; for in all these th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things; for in all these the nations are defiled, which I cast out from before you. Who acts: ye, I. Leviticus 18:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/18/) / 18:24 # Leviticus 18:24 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** ye, I · **What happens:** not defile, defile, cast out · **To what, where:** yourselves, any, nations, these This is Leviticus 18:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, any, nations, these, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכָל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ [Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things; for in all these the nations are defiled, which I cast out from before you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.535/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:529 # text = אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכָל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = LEV.18.24 1 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=LEV_18:24!1|MId=o030180240011|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=make.yourselves.unclean|Ref=LEV_18:24!2|MId=o030180240021|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:030180020031;|Type=jussive 3-4 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=LEV_18:24!3|MId=o030180240031|Strong=0871a 4 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=LEV_18:24!3|MId=o030180240032|Strong=3605 5 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 det _ Gloss=these.[things]|Ref=LEV_18:24!4|MId=o030180240041|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 6 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LEV_18:24!5|MId=o030180240051|Strong=3588 7-8 בְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=LEV_18:24!6|MId=o030180240061|Strong=0871a 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=LEV_18:24!6|MId=o030180240062|Strong=3605 9 אֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 8 det _ Gloss=these.[things]|Ref=LEV_18:24!7|MId=o030180240071|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 10 נִטְמְא֣וּ טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.made.themselves.unclean|Ref=LEV_18:24!8|MId=o030180240081|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:030180240092;|Type=qatal 11-12 הַגּוֹיִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_18:24!9|MId=o030180240091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=LEV_18:24!9|MId=o030180240092|Strong=1471 13 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_18:24!10|MId=o030180240101|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 14 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=LEV_18:24!11|MId=o030180240111|Strong=0589|Type=personal 15 מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[am].about.to.send.away|Ref=LEV_18:24!12|MId=o030180240121|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:030180240111;A1:030180240092;|Type=participle_active 16-18 מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LEV_18:24!13|MId=o030180240131|Strong=4480 17 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=LEV_18:24!13|MId=o030180240132|Strong=6440 18 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=LEV_18:24!13|MId=o030180240133|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=LEV_18:24!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תִּֽטַּמְּאוּ *make yourselves unclean* | jussive · hithpael | | | | | | נִטְמְאוּ *they have made themselves unclean* | qatal · niphal | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | מְשַׁלֵּחַ *\[am\] about to send away* | participle active · piel | אֲנִי *I* | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא תִסְתַּאֲבוּן בְּכָל אִלֵין אֲרֵי בְּכָל אִלֵין אִסְתַּאָבוּ עַמְמַיָא דִי אֲנָא מַגְלֵי מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Defile not ye yourselves in any of these things; for in all these the nations are defiled, which I cast out from before you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.535/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:529`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 18:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.23/) - next →: [Leviticus 18:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.18.25/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/18/)