--- title: Leviticus 19:31 — Turn ye not unto the ghosts, nor unto familiar spirits; seek them no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Turn ye not unto the ghosts, nor unto familiar spirits; seek them not out, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God. Who acts: ye, spirits, I. Leviticus 19:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/19/) / 19:31 # Leviticus 19:31 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** ye, spirits, I · **What happens:** not turn, not seek out, defile, be · **To what, where:** spirits, LORD This is Leviticus 19:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, spirits, I — and what happens in the verse to spirits, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַל־תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים אַל־תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ [Turn ye not unto the ghosts, nor unto familiar spirits; seek them not out, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.573/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:566 # text = אַל־תִּפְנ֤וּ אֶל־הָאֹבֹת֙ וְאֶל־הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים אַל־תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ לְטָמְאָ֣ה בָהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = LEV.19.31 1 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=LEV_19:31!1|MId=o030190310011|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תִּפְנ֤וּ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=turn|Ref=LEV_19:31!2|MId=o030190310021|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:030190020041;|Type=jussive 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_19:31!3|MId=o030190310031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָאֹבֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_19:31!4|MId=o030190310041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֹבֹת֙ אוֹב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=necromancers|Ref=LEV_19:31!4|MId=o030190310042|Strong=0178 6-7 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_19:31!5|MId=o030190310051|Strong=2050b 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_19:31!5|MId=o030190310052|Strong=0413 8-9 הַיִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_19:31!6|MId=o030190310061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יִּדְּעֹנִ֔ים יִדְּעֹנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=soothsayers|Ref=LEV_19:31!6|MId=o030190310062|Strong=3049 10 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=LEV_19:31!7|MId=o030190310071|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 תְּבַקְשׁ֖וּ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=seek.[them]|Ref=LEV_19:31!8|MId=o030190310081|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:030190020041;|Type=jussive 12-13 לְטָמְאָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_19:31!9|MId=o030190310091|Strong=3807a 13 טָמְאָ֣ה טָמֵא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 parataxis _ Gloss=become.unclean|Ref=LEV_19:31!9|MId=o030190310092|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:030190020041;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 בָהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=LEV_19:31!10|MId=o030190310101|Strong=0871a 15 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_19:31!10|MId=o030190310102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16 אֲנִ֖י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=LEV_19:31!11|MId=o030190310111|Strong=0589|Type=personal 17 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[am].Yahweh|Ref=LEV_19:31!12|MId=o030190310121|Strong=3068 18-19 אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=LEV_19:31!13|MId=o030190310131|Strong=0430 19 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LEV_19:31!13|MId=o030190310132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=LEV_19:31!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תִּפְנוּ *turn* | jussive · qal | | | | | | **not** תְּבַקְשׁוּ *seek \[them\]* | jussive · piel | | | | | | טָמְאָה *become unclean* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא תִתְפְּנוּן בָּתַר בִּדִין וּדְכוּרוּ לָא תִתְבְּעוּן לְאִסְתָּאָבָא בְהוֹן אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Turn ye not unto the ghosts, nor unto familiar spirits; seek them not out, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.573/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:566`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 19:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.30/) - next →: [Leviticus 19:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.19.32/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/19/)