--- title: Leviticus 20:17 — And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness: it is a shameful thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of the children of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/20/) / 20:17 # Leviticus 20:17 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** man, woman, blood · **What happens:** take, see, be, cut off, uncover, bear · **To what, where:** sister, nakedness, shameful thing, father, sight, iniquity This is Leviticus 20:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, woman, blood — and what happens in the verse to sister, nakedness, shameful thing, father, sight, iniquity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִקַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲחֹת֡וֹ בַּת־אָבִ֣יו א֣וֹ בַת־אִ֠מּוֹ וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ וְהִֽיא־תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתוֹ֙ חֶ֣סֶד ה֔וּא וְנִ֨כְרְת֔וּ לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמָּ֑ם עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹת֛וֹ גִּלָּ֖ה עֲוֺנ֥וֹ יִשָּֽׂא׃ [And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness: it is a shameful thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of the children of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.596/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:589 # text = וְאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִקַּ֣ח אֶת־אֲחֹת֡וֹ בַּת־אָבִ֣יו א֣וֹ בַת־אִ֠מּוֹ וְרָאָ֨ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ וְהִֽיא־תִרְאֶ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתוֹ֙ חֶ֣סֶד ה֔וּא וְנִ֨כְרְת֔וּ לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמָּ֑ם עֶרְוַ֧ת אֲחֹת֛וֹ גִּלָּ֖ה עֲוֺנ֥וֹ יִשָּֽׂא׃ # verse = LEV.20.17 1-2 וְאִ֣ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:17!1|MId=o030200170011|Strong=2050b 2 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 dislocated _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=LEV_20:17!1|MId=o030200170012|Strong=0376 3 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=LEV_20:17!2|MId=o030200170021|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִקַּ֣ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.take|Ref=LEV_20:17!3|MId=o030200170031|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:030200170012;A1:030200170051;|Type=yiqtol 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_20:17!4|MId=o030200170041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 אֲחֹת֡וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֲחֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=sister|Ref=LEV_20:17!5|MId=o030200170051|Strong=0269 7 ֡וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_20:17!5|MId=o030200170052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LEV_20:17!6|MId=o030200170061|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 אָבִ֣יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אָבִ֣י אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.father|Ref=LEV_20:17!7|MId=o030200170071|Strong=0001 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_20:17!7|MId=o030200170072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 א֣וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=LEV_20:17!8|MId=o030200170081|Strong=0176 12 בַת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=the.daughter|Ref=LEV_20:17!9|MId=o030200170091|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 אִ֠מּוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אִ֠מּ אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.mother|Ref=LEV_20:17!10|MId=o030200170101|Strong=0517 14 וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_20:17!10|MId=o030200170102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְרָאָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:17!11|MId=o030200170111|Strong=2050b 16 רָאָ֨ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.will.see|Ref=LEV_20:17!11|MId=o030200170112|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:030200170012;A1:030200170131;|Type=weqatal 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_20:17!12|MId=o030200170121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 עֶרְוָתָ֜הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֶרְוָת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=nakedness|Ref=LEV_20:17!13|MId=o030200170131|Strong=6172 19 ָ֜הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_20:17!13|MId=o030200170132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20-21 וְהִֽיא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:17!14|MId=o030200170141|Strong=2050b 21 הִֽיא־ הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=LEV_20:17!14|MId=o030200170142|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 22 תִרְאֶ֤ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=she.will.see|Ref=LEV_20:17!15|MId=o030200170151|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:030200170142;A1:030200170171;|Type=yiqtol 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_20:17!16|MId=o030200170161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 עֶרְוָתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 עֶרְוָת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=nakedness|Ref=LEV_20:17!17|MId=o030200170171|Strong=6172 25 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_20:17!17|MId=o030200170172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 חֶ֣סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].a.shame|Ref=LEV_20:17!18|MId=o030200170181|Strong=2617a 27 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=LEV_20:17!19|MId=o030200170191|Strong=1931|Type=personal 28-29 וְנִ֨כְרְת֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:17!20|MId=o030200170201|Strong=2050b 29 נִ֨כְרְת֔וּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 26 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.cut.off|Ref=LEV_20:17!20|MId=o030200170202|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:030200170012;030200170051;|Type=weqatal 30-31 לְעֵינֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_20:17!21|MId=o030200170211|Strong=3807a 31 עֵינֵ֖י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 29 obl _ Gloss=the.eyes|Ref=LEV_20:17!21|MId=o030200170212|Strong=5869 32 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.sons|Ref=LEV_20:17!22|MId=o030200170221|Strong=1121 33-34 עַמָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.people|Ref=LEV_20:17!23|MId=o030200170231|Strong=5971 34 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LEV_20:17!23|MId=o030200170232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 35 עֶרְוַ֧ת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 obj _ Gloss=the.nakedness|Ref=LEV_20:17!24|MId=o030200170241|Strong=6172 36-37 אֲחֹת֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אֲחֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.sister|Ref=LEV_20:17!25|MId=o030200170251|Strong=0269 37 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_20:17!25|MId=o030200170252|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38 גִּלָּ֖ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.uncovered|Ref=LEV_20:17!26|MId=o030200170261|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:030200170012;A1:030200170241;|Type=qatal 39-40 עֲוֺנ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 עֲוֺנ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 41 obj _ Gloss=iniquity|Ref=LEV_20:17!27|MId=o030200170271|Strong=5771 40 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_20:17!27|MId=o030200170272|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 41 יִשָּֽׂא נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.bear|Ref=LEV_20:17!28|MId=o030200170281|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:030200170012;A1:030200170271;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=LEV_20:17!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִקַּח *he will take* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | אֲחֹת *sister* | | | | רָאָה *he will see* | weqatal · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | עֶרְוָת *nakedness* | | | | תִרְאֶה *she will see* | yiqtol · qal | הִֽיא־ *she* | עֶרְוָת *nakedness* | | | | נִכְרְתוּ *they will be cut off* | weqatal · niphal | | אִישׁ *a man* + אֲחֹת *sister* | | | | גִּלָּה *he has uncovered* | qatal · piel | אִישׁ *a man* | עֶרְוַת *the nakedness* | | | | יִשָּֽׂא *he will bear* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | עֲוֺנ *iniquity* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּגְבַר דִי יִסַב יָת אֲחָתֵהּ בַּת אֲבוּהִי אוֹ בַת אִמֵהּ וְיֶחֱזֵי יָת עֶרְיְתַהּ וְהִיא תֶחֱזֵי יָת עֶרְיְתֵהּ קְלָנָא הוּא וְיִשְׁתֵּיצוּן לְעֵינֵי בְּנֵי עַמְהוֹן עֶרְיַת אֲחָתֵהּ גַלִי חוֹבֵהּ יְקַבֵּל The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And if a man shall take his sister, his father's daughter, or his mother's daughter, and see her nakedness, and she see his nakedness: it is a shameful thing; and they shall be cut off in the sight of the children of their people: he hath uncovered his sister's nakedness; he shall bear his iniquity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.596/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:589`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 20:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.16/) - next →: [Leviticus 20:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.18/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/20/)