--- title: Leviticus 20:18 — And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness — he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood — both of them shall be cut off from among their people. Who acts: man, woman. Leviticus 20:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/20/) / 20:18 # Leviticus 20:18 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** man, woman · **What happens:** lie, have, uncover, make, cut off · **To what, where:** sickness, nakedness, fountain, both This is Leviticus 20:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, woman — and what happens in the verse to sickness, nakedness, fountain, both, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה וְגִלָּ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָהּ֙ אֶת־מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃ [And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness — he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood — both of them shall be cut off from among their people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.597/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:590 # text = וְ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אֶת־אִשָּׁ֜ה דָּוָ֗ה וְגִלָּ֤ה אֶת־עֶרְוָתָהּ֙ אֶת־מְקֹרָ֣הּ הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה וְהִ֕יא גִּלְּתָ֖ה אֶת־מְק֣וֹר דָּמֶ֑יהָ וְנִכְרְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃ # verse = LEV.20.18 1-2 וְ֠אִישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:18!1|MId=o030200180011|Strong=2050b 2 אִישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 dislocated _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=LEV_20:18!1|MId=o030200180012|Strong=0376 3 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=LEV_20:18!2|MId=o030200180021|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִשְׁכַּ֨ב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.lie|Ref=LEV_20:18!3|MId=o030200180031|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:030200180012;|Type=yiqtol 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=LEV_20:18!4|MId=o030200180041|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 6 אִשָּׁ֜ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=a.woman|Ref=LEV_20:18!5|MId=o030200180051|Strong=0802 7 דָּוָ֗ה דָּוֶה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 amod _ Gloss=menstruating|Ref=LEV_20:18!6|MId=o030200180061|Strong=1739|Type=adjective 8-9 וְגִלָּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:18!7|MId=o030200180071|Strong=2050b 9 גִלָּ֤ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.will.uncover|Ref=LEV_20:18!7|MId=o030200180072|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:030200180012;A1:030200180091;|Type=qatal 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_20:18!8|MId=o030200180081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 עֶרְוָתָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עֶרְוָת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=nakedness|Ref=LEV_20:18!9|MId=o030200180091|Strong=6172 12 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_20:18!9|MId=o030200180092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_20:18!10|MId=o030200180101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 מְקֹרָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מְקֹר מָקוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=spring|Ref=LEV_20:18!11|MId=o030200180111|Strong=4726 15 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_20:18!11|MId=o030200180112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16 הֶֽעֱרָ֔ה עָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.made.naked|Ref=LEV_20:18!12|MId=o030200180121|Strong=6168|Frame=AA:030200180012;A0:030200180111;|Type=qatal 17-18 וְהִ֕יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:18!13|MId=o030200180131|Strong=2050b 18 הִ֕יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=LEV_20:18!13|MId=o030200180132|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 19 גִּלְּתָ֖ה גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=she.has.uncovered|Ref=LEV_20:18!14|MId=o030200180141|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:030200180132;A1:030200180161;|Type=qatal 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_20:18!15|MId=o030200180151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 מְק֣וֹר מָקוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=the.spring|Ref=LEV_20:18!16|MId=o030200180161|Strong=4726 22-23 דָּמֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 דָּמֶ֑י דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=her.blood(s)|Ref=LEV_20:18!17|MId=o030200180171|Strong=1818 23 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=LEV_20:18!17|MId=o030200180172|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 24-25 וְנִכְרְת֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_20:18!18|MId=o030200180181|Strong=2050b 25 נִכְרְת֥וּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.be.cut.off|Ref=LEV_20:18!18|MId=o030200180182|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:030200180192;|Type=qatal 26-27 שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 שְׁנֵי שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 27 nummod _ Gloss=both|Ref=LEV_20:18!19|MId=o030200180191|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 27 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=LEV_20:18!19|MId=o030200180192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-29 מִקֶּ֥רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LEV_20:18!20|MId=o030200180201|Strong=4480 29 קֶּ֥רֶב קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=LEV_20:18!20|MId=o030200180202|Strong=7130 30-31 עַמָּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.people|Ref=LEV_20:18!21|MId=o030200180211|Strong=5971 31 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LEV_20:18!21|MId=o030200180212|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=LEV_20:18!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִשְׁכַּב *he will lie* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | גִלָּה *he will uncover* | qatal · piel | אִישׁ *a man* | עֶרְוָת *nakedness* | | | | הֶֽעֱרָה *he has made naked* | qatal · hiphil | מְקֹר *spring* | | | אִישׁ *a man* | | גִּלְּתָה *she has uncovered* | qatal · piel | הִיא *she* | מְקוֹר *the spring* | | | | נִכְרְתוּ *they will be cut off* | qatal · niphal | | הֶם *of them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּגְבַר דִי יִשְׁכּוּב יָת אִתְּתָא סוֹאֲבָתָא וִיגַלֵי יָת עֶרְיְתַהּ יָת קְלָנַהּ גַלִי וְהִיא תְגַלֵי יָת סוֹאֲבַת דְמָהָא וְיִשְׁתֵּיצוּן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן מִגוֹ עַמְהוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And if a man shall lie with a woman having her sickness, and shall uncover her nakedness — he hath made naked her fountain, and she hath uncovered the fountain of her blood — both of them shall be cut off from among their people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.597/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:590`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 20:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.17/) - next →: [Leviticus 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.19/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/20/)