--- title: Leviticus 21:1 — And the LORD said unto Moses: Speak unto the priests the sons of Aar… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Moses: Speak unto the priests the sons of Aaron, and say unto them: There shall none defile himself for the dead among his people; Who acts: LORD, none. Leviticus 21:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.21.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/21/) / 21:1 # Leviticus 21:1 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** LORD, none · **What happens:** say, speak, defile · **To what, where:** sons, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Leviticus 21:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, none — and what happens in the verse to sons, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֱמֹ֥ר אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ לֹֽא־יִטַּמָּ֖א בְּעַמָּֽיו׃ [And the LORD said unto Moses: Speak unto the priests the sons of Aaron, and say unto them: There shall none defile himself for the dead among his people;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.607/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:600 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֱמֹ֥ר אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ לֹֽא־יִטַּמָּ֖א בְּעַמָּֽיו׃ # verse = LEV.21.1 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_21:1!1|MId=o030210010011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=LEV_21:1!1|MId=o030210010012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:030210010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LEV_21:1!2|MId=o030210010021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_21:1!3|MId=o030210010031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=LEV_21:1!4|MId=o030210010041|Strong=4872 6 אֱמֹ֥ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=say|Ref=LEV_21:1!5|MId=o030210010051|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:030210010041;|Type=imperative 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_21:1!6|MId=o030210010061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_21:1!7|MId=o030210010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 כֹּהֲנִ֖ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=priests|Ref=LEV_21:1!7|MId=o030210010072|Strong=3548 10 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 appos _ Gloss=the.sons|Ref=LEV_21:1!8|MId=o030210010081|Strong=1121 11 אַהֲרֹ֑ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Aaron|Ref=LEV_21:1!9|MId=o030210010091|Strong=0175 12-13 וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_21:1!10|MId=o030210010101|Strong=2050b 13 אָמַרְתָּ֣ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=LEV_21:1!10|MId=o030210010102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:030210010041;|Type=weqatal 14-15 אֲלֵהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_21:1!11|MId=o030210010111|Strong=0413 15 ֵהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_21:1!11|MId=o030210010112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LEV_21:1!12|MId=o030210010121|Strong=3807a 17 נֶ֥פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=a.corpse|Ref=LEV_21:1!12|MId=o030210010122|Strong=5315 18 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LEV_21:1!13|MId=o030210010131|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 19 יִטַּמָּ֖א טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 ccomp _ Gloss=he.will.make.himself.unclean|Ref=LEV_21:1!14|MId=o030210010141|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:030210010072;|Type=yiqtol 20-22 בְּעַמָּֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=LEV_21:1!15|MId=o030210010151|Strong=0871a 21 עַמָּֽי עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=kinspeople(s)|Ref=LEV_21:1!15|MId=o030210010152|Strong=5971a 22 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_21:1!15|MId=o030210010153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=LEV_21:1!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | אֱמֹר *say* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | **not** יִטַּמָּא *he will make himself unclean* | yiqtol · hithpael | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמֹשֶׁה אֱמַר לְכַהֲנַיָא בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן וְתֵימַר לְהוֹן עַל מִית לָא יִסְתָּאַב בְּעַמֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto Moses: Speak unto the priests the sons of Aaron, and say unto them: There shall none defile himself for the dead among his people;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.607/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:600`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 20:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.20.27/) - next →: [Leviticus 21:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.21.2/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/21/)