--- title: Leviticus 22:18 — Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Isra… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them: Whosoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that bringeth his offering, whether it be any of their vows, or any of their free-will-offerings, which are brought unto the LORD for a bu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/22/) / 22:18 # Leviticus 22:18 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** you, Whosoever, strangers, offering, LORD, children · **What happens:** speak, say, be, bring, burn, offer · **To what, where:** offering, any, will offerings · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Leviticus 22:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, Whosoever, strangers, offering, LORD, children — and what happens in the verse to offering, any, will offerings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ לְכָל־נִדְרֵיהֶם֙ וּלְכָל־נִדְבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥יבוּ לַיהוָ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃ [Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them: Whosoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that bringeth his offering, whether it be any of their vows, or any of their free-will-offerings, which are brought unto the LORD for a burnt-offering;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.649/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:641 # text = דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ לְכָל־נִדְרֵיהֶם֙ וּלְכָל־נִדְבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥יבוּ לַיהוָ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃ # verse = LEV.22.18 1 דַּבֵּ֨ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=speak|Ref=LEV_22:18!1|MId=o030220180011|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:030220170041;|Type=imperative 2 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_22:18!2|MId=o030220180021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 3 אַהֲרֹ֜ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 1 obl _ Gloss=Aaron|Ref=LEV_22:18!3|MId=o030220180031|Strong=0175 4-5 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_22:18!4|MId=o030220180041|Strong=2050b 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_22:18!4|MId=o030220180042|Strong=0413 6-7 בָּנָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בָּנָ֗י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=LEV_22:18!5|MId=o030220180051|Strong=1121 7 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_22:18!5|MId=o030220180052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְאֶל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_22:18!6|MId=o030220180061|Strong=2050b 9 אֶל֙ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_22:18!6|MId=o030220180062|Strong=0413 10 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LEV_22:18!7|MId=o030220180071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 11 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=LEV_22:18!8|MId=o030220180081|Strong=1121 12 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=LEV_22:18!9|MId=o030220180091|Strong=3478 13-14 וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_22:18!10|MId=o030220180101|Strong=2050b 14 אָמַרְתָּ֖ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=LEV_22:18!10|MId=o030220180102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:030220170041;|Type=weqatal 15-16 אֲלֵהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_22:18!11|MId=o030220180111|Strong=0413 16 ֵהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_22:18!11|MId=o030220180112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 dislocated _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=LEV_22:18!12|MId=o030220180121|Strong=0376 18 אִישׁ֩ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=LEV_22:18!13|MId=o030220180131|Strong=0376 19-20 מִבֵּ֨ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=LEV_22:18!14|MId=o030220180141|Strong=4480 20 בֵּ֨ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=LEV_22:18!14|MId=o030220180142|Strong=1004 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=LEV_22:18!15|MId=o030220180151|Strong=3478 22-23 וּמִן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_22:18!16|MId=o030220180161|Strong=2050b 23 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=LEV_22:18!16|MId=o030220180162|Strong=4480 24-25 הַגֵּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_22:18!17|MId=o030220180171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 גֵּ֣ר גֵּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=sojourner[s]|Ref=LEV_22:18!17|MId=o030220180172|Strong=1616 26-27 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LEV_22:18!18|MId=o030220180181|Strong=0871a 27 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=LEV_22:18!18|MId=o030220180182|Strong=3478 28 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=LEV_22:18!19|MId=o030220180191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29 יַקְרִ֤יב קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 ccomp _ Gloss=he.will.present|Ref=LEV_22:18!20|MId=o030220180201|Strong=7126|Frame=AA:030220180121;A0:030220180211;|Type=yiqtol 30-31 קָרְבָּנוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 קָרְבָּנ קׇרְבָּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obj _ Gloss=present|Ref=LEV_22:18!21|MId=o030220180211|Strong=7133 31 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LEV_22:18!21|MId=o030220180212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-33 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LEV_22:18!22|MId=o030220180221|Strong=3807a 33 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=LEV_22:18!22|MId=o030220180222|Strong=3605 34-35 נִדְרֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 נִדְרֵי נֶדֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=vows|Ref=LEV_22:18!23|MId=o030220180231|Strong=5088 35 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LEV_22:18!23|MId=o030220180232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36-38 וּלְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_22:18!24|MId=o030220180241|Strong=2050b 37 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LEV_22:18!24|MId=o030220180242|Strong=3807a 38 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LEV_22:18!24|MId=o030220180243|Strong=3605 39-40 נִדְבוֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 נִדְבוֹת נְדָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=offerings|Ref=LEV_22:18!25|MId=o030220180251|Strong=5071 40 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.freewill|Ref=LEV_22:18!25|MId=o030220180252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 41 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_22:18!26|MId=o030220180261|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 42 יַקְרִ֥יבוּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.will.present|Ref=LEV_22:18!27|MId=o030220180271|Strong=7126|Frame=AA:030220180121;A0:030220180251;|Type=yiqtol 43-44 לַיהוָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_22:18!28|MId=o030220180281|Strong=3807a 44 יהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 42 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LEV_22:18!28|MId=o030220180282|Strong=3068 45-46 לְעֹלָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_22:18!29|MId=o030220180291|Strong=3807a 46 עֹלָֽה עֹלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 42 obl _ Gloss=a.burnt.offering|Ref=LEV_22:18!29|MId=o030220180292|Strong=5930 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=LEV_22:18!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דַּבֵּר *speak* | imperative · piel | | | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | יַקְרִיב *he will present* | yiqtol · hiphil | קָרְבָּנ *present* | | | אִישׁ *a person* | | יַקְרִיבוּ *they will present* | yiqtol · hiphil | נִדְבוֹת *offerings* | | | אִישׁ *a person* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} מַלֵל עִם אַהֲרֹן וְעִם בְּנוֹהִי וְעִם כָּל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְתֵימַר לְהוֹן גְבַר גְבַר מִבֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִן גִיוֹרָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל דִי יְקָרֵב קֻרְבָּנֵהּ לְכָל נִדְרֵיהוֹן וּלְכָל נִדְבָתְהוֹן דִי יְקָרְבוּן קֳדָם יְיָ לַעֲלָתָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them: Whosoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that bringeth his offering, whether it be any of their vows, or any of their free-will-offerings, which are brought unto the LORD for a burnt-offering;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.649/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:641`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 22:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.17/) - next →: [Leviticus 22:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.19/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/22/)