--- title: Leviticus 22:25 — Neither from the hand of a foreigner shall ye offer the bread of you… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Neither from the hand of a foreigner shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these, because their corruption is in them, there is a blemish in them; they shall not be accepted for you. Who acts: ye, corruption. Leviticus 22:25 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/22/) / 22:25 # Leviticus 22:25 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** ye, corruption · **What happens:** offer, be, not accept · **To what, where:** bread, hand, stones This is Leviticus 22:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, corruption — and what happens in the verse to bread, hand, stones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם לֹ֥א יֵרָצ֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃פ [Neither from the hand of a foreigner shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these, because their corruption is in them, there is a blemish in them; they shall not be accepted for you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.656/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:648 # text = וּמִיַּ֣ד בֶּן־נֵכָ֗ר לֹ֥א תַקְרִ֛יבוּ אֶת־לֶ֥חֶם אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם מִכָּל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֣י מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם בָּהֶם֙ מ֣וּם בָּ֔ם לֹ֥א יֵרָצ֖וּ לָכֶֽם׃פ # verse = LEV.22.25 1-3 וּמִיַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_22:25!1|MId=o030220250011|Strong=2050b 2 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LEV_22:25!1|MId=o030220250012|Strong=4480 3 יַּ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=LEV_22:25!1|MId=o030220250013|Strong=3027 4 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.son|Ref=LEV_22:25!2|MId=o030220250021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 נֵכָ֗ר נֵכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.foreignness|Ref=LEV_22:25!3|MId=o030220250031|Strong=5236 6 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LEV_22:25!4|MId=o030220250041|Strong=3808|Type=negative 7 תַקְרִ֛יבוּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.must.present|Ref=LEV_22:25!5|MId=o030220250051|Strong=7126|Frame=AA:030220180182;A0:030220250071;|Type=yiqtol 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_22:25!6|MId=o030220250061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9 לֶ֥חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=the.food|Ref=LEV_22:25!7|MId=o030220250071|Strong=3899 10-11 אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.God|Ref=LEV_22:25!8|MId=o030220250081|Strong=0430 11 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=LEV_22:25!8|MId=o030220250082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 12-13 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=any|Ref=LEV_22:25!9|MId=o030220250091|Strong=4480 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=LEV_22:25!9|MId=o030220250092|Strong=3605 14 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 13 det _ Gloss=these.[animals]|Ref=LEV_22:25!10|MId=o030220250101|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 15 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LEV_22:25!11|MId=o030220250111|Strong=3588 16-17 מָשְׁחָתָ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מָשְׁחָת מָשְׁחָת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=disfigurement|Ref=LEV_22:25!12|MId=o030220250121|Strong=4893 17 ָ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LEV_22:25!12|MId=o030220250122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 בָּהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=LEV_22:25!13|MId=o030220250131|Strong=0871a 19 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 advcl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_22:25!13|MId=o030220250132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 מ֣וּם מאוּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=a.blemish|Ref=LEV_22:25!14|MId=o030220250141|Strong=3971a 21-22 בָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=LEV_22:25!15|MId=o030220250151|Strong=0871a 22 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 parataxis _ Gloss=them|Ref=LEV_22:25!15|MId=o030220250152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LEV_22:25!16|MId=o030220250161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 יֵרָצ֖וּ רָצָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.accepted|Ref=LEV_22:25!17|MId=o030220250171|Strong=7521|Frame=A1:030220240012;030220240022;030220240032;030220240042;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 לָכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LEV_22:25!18|MId=o030220250181|Strong=3807a 26 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=LEV_22:25!18|MId=o030220250182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=LEV_22:25!18|SpaceAfter=No 28 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=LEV_22:25!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תַקְרִיבוּ *you must present* | yiqtol · hiphil | לֶחֶם *the food* | | | | | **not** יֵרָצוּ *they will be accepted* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּמִן בַּר עַמְמִין לָא תְקַרְבוּן יָת קֻרְבַּן אֱלָהֲכוֹן מִכָּל אִלֵין אֲרֵי חִבּוּלְהוֹן בְּהוֹן מוּמָא בְהוֹן לָא לְרַעֲוָא יְהוֹן לְכוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Neither from the hand of a foreigner shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these, because their corruption is in them, there is a blemish in them; they shall not be accepted for you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.656/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:648`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 22:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.24/) - next →: [Leviticus 22:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.22.26/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/22/)