--- title: Leviticus 5:23 — then it shall be, if he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall re… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then it shall be, if he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took by robbery, or the thing which he hath gotten by oppression, or the deposit which was deposited with him, or the lost thing which he found, Who acts: man. Leviticus 5:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.5.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/5/) / 5:23 # Leviticus 5:23 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** man · **What happens:** sin, be, restore, take, get, deposit · **To what, where:** that, thing, deposit, lost thing This is Leviticus 5:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man — and what happens in the verse to that, thing, deposit, lost thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָה֮ כִּֽי־יֶחֱטָ֣א וְאָשֵׁם֒ וְהֵשִׁ֨יב אֶת־הַגְּזֵלָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֗ל א֤וֹ אֶת־הָעֹ֙שֶׁק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׁ֔ק א֚וֹ אֶת־הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑וֹ א֥וֹ אֶת־הָאֲבֵדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָֽא׃ [then it shall be, if he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took by robbery, or the thing which he hath gotten by oppression, or the deposit which was deposited with him, or the lost thing which he found,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.107/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:107 # text = וְהָיָה֮ כִּֽי־יֶחֱטָ֣א וְאָשֵׁם֒ וְהֵשִׁ֨יב אֶת־הַגְּזֵלָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר גָּזָ֗ל א֤וֹ אֶת־הָעֹ֙שֶׁק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׁ֔ק א֚וֹ אֶת־הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָפְקַ֖ד אִתּ֑וֹ א֥וֹ אֶת־הָאֲבֵדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָֽא׃ # verse = LEV.5.23 1-2 וְהָיָה֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_5:23!1|MId=o030050230011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָה֮ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=LEV_5:23!1|MId=o030050230012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LEV_5:23!2|MId=o030050230021|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 4 יֶחֱטָ֣א חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.sin|Ref=LEV_5:23!3|MId=o030050230031|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:030050210011;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 וְאָשֵׁם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_5:23!4|MId=o030050230041|Strong=2050b 6 אָשֵׁם֒ אָשַׁם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.will.be.guilty|Ref=LEV_5:23!4|MId=o030050230042|Strong=0816|Frame=A0:030050210011;|Type=weqatal 7-8 וְהֵשִׁ֨יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_5:23!5|MId=o030050230051|Strong=2050b 8 הֵשִׁ֨יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.restore|Ref=LEV_5:23!5|MId=o030050230052|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:030050210011;A0:030050230072;030050230122;030050230172;030050230232;|Type=weqatal 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_5:23!6|MId=o030050230061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַגְּזֵלָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_5:23!7|MId=o030050230071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 גְּזֵלָ֜ה גְּזֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=robbery|Ref=LEV_5:23!7|MId=o030050230072|Strong=1500 12 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_5:23!8|MId=o030050230081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 13 גָּזָ֗ל גָּזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.robbed|Ref=LEV_5:23!9|MId=o030050230091|Strong=1497|Frame=A0:030050210011;A1:030050230072;|Type=qatal 14 א֤וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=LEV_5:23!10|MId=o030050230101|Strong=0176 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_5:23!11|MId=o030050230111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הָעֹ֙שֶׁק֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_5:23!12|MId=o030050230121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עֹ֙שֶׁק֙ עֹשֶׁק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=extortion|Ref=LEV_5:23!12|MId=o030050230122|Strong=6233 18 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_5:23!13|MId=o030050230131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 עָשָׁ֔ק עָשַׁק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.extorted|Ref=LEV_5:23!14|MId=o030050230141|Strong=6231|Frame=A0:030050210011;A1:030050230122;|Type=qatal 20 א֚וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=LEV_5:23!15|MId=o030050230151|Strong=0176 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_5:23!16|MId=o030050230161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַפִּקָּד֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LEV_5:23!17|MId=o030050230171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 פִּקָּד֔וֹן פִּקָּדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=deposit|Ref=LEV_5:23!17|MId=o030050230172|Strong=6487 24 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_5:23!18|MId=o030050230181|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25 הָפְקַ֖ד פָּקַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.was.entrusted|Ref=LEV_5:23!19|MId=o030050230191|Strong=6485|Frame=A1:030050230172;|Type=qatal 26-27 אִתּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=LEV_5:23!20|MId=o030050230201|Strong=0854 27 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=LEV_5:23!20|MId=o030050230202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 א֥וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=LEV_5:23!21|MId=o030050230211|Strong=0176 29 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LEV_5:23!22|MId=o030050230221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הָאֲבֵדָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the.thing|Ref=LEV_5:23!23|MId=o030050230231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 אֲבֵדָ֖ה אֲבֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=lost|Ref=LEV_5:23!23|MId=o030050230232|Strong=0009 32 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LEV_5:23!24|MId=o030050230241|Strong=0834|Type=relative 33 מָצָֽא מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 31 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.found|Ref=LEV_5:23!25|MId=o030050230251|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:030050210011;A1:030050230232;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=LEV_5:23!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֶחֱטָא *he will sin* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָשֵׁם *he will be guilty* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הֵשִׁיב *he will restore* | weqatal · hiphil | גְּזֵלָה *robbery* + עֹשֶׁק *extortion* + פִּקָּדוֹן *deposit* + אֲבֵדָה *lost* | | | | | גָּזָל *he robbed* | qatal · qal | | גְּזֵלָה *robbery* | | | | עָשָׁק *he extorted* | qatal · qal | | עֹשֶׁק *extortion* | | | | הָפְקַד *it was entrusted* | qatal · hophal | | פִּקָּדוֹן *deposit* | | | | מָצָֽא *he found* | qatal · qal | | אֲבֵדָה *lost* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִיהֵי אֲרֵי יֶחְטֵי וְיֵחוֹב וְיָתֵב יָת גְזֵלָא דִי גְזַל אוֹ יָת עֻשְׁקָא דִי עֲשַׁק אוֹ יָת פִּקְדוֹנָא דִי אִתְפָּקַד לְוָתֵהּ אוֹ יָת אֲבֶדְתָּא דִי אַשְׁכַּח The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then it shall be, if he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took by robbery, or the thing which he hath gotten by oppression, or the deposit which was deposited with him, or the lost thing which he found,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.107/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:107`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 5:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.5.22/) - next →: [Leviticus 5:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.5.24/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/5/)