--- title: Leviticus 5:4 — or if any one swear clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: or if any one swear clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall utter clearly with an oath, and it be hid from him; and, when he knoweth of it, be guilty in one of these things; Who acts: one, evil, man. Leviticus 5:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.5.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Leviticus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/5/) / 5:4 # Leviticus 5:4 וַיִּקְרָא **Who acts:** one, evil, man · **What happens:** swear, do, be, utter, hide, know · **To what, where:** evil, good This is Leviticus 5:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — one, evil, man — and what happens in the verse to evil, good, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 27 chapters of Leviticus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. א֣וֹ נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם לְהָרַ֣ע ׀ א֣וֹ לְהֵיטִ֗יב לְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָאָדָ֛ם בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהוּא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם לְאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ [or if any one swear clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall utter clearly with an oath, and it be hid from him; and, when he knoweth of it, be guilty in one of these things;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.88/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LEV:88 # text = א֣וֹ נֶ֡פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תִשָּׁבַע֩ לְבַטֵּ֨א בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם לְהָרַ֣ע ׀ א֣וֹ לְהֵיטִ֗יב לְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבַטֵּ֧א הָאָדָ֛ם בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה וְנֶעְלַ֣ם מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְהוּא־יָדַ֥ע וְאָשֵׁ֖ם לְאַחַ֥ת מֵאֵֽלֶּה׃ # verse = LEV.5.4 1 א֣וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=LEV_5:4!1|MId=o030050040011|Strong=0176 2 נֶ֡פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 dislocated _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=LEV_5:4!2|MId=o030050040021|Strong=5315 3 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LEV_5:4!3|MId=o030050040031|Strong=3588 4 תִשָּׁבַע֩ שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.swear.an.oath|Ref=LEV_5:4!4|MId=o030050040041|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:030050040021;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 לְבַטֵּ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=LEV_5:4!5|MId=o030050040051|Strong=3807a 6 בַטֵּ֨א בטא VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 4 xcomp _ Gloss=speaking.rashly|Ref=LEV_5:4!5|MId=o030050040052|Strong=0981|Frame=A0:030050040021;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 בִשְׂפָתַ֜יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=LEV_5:4!6|MId=o030050040061|Strong=0871a 8 שְׂפָתַ֜יִם שָׂפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 6 obl _ Gloss=lips|Ref=LEV_5:4!6|MId=o030050040062|Strong=8193 9-10 לְהָרַ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_5:4!7|MId=o030050040071|Strong=3807a 10 הָרַ֣ע רָעַע VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 6 advcl _ Gloss=do.evil|Ref=LEV_5:4!7|MId=o030050040072|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:030050040021;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=LEV_5:4!7 12 א֣וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=LEV_5:4!8|MId=o030050040081|Strong=0176 13-14 לְהֵיטִ֗יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_5:4!9|MId=o030050040091|Strong=3807a 14 הֵיטִ֗יב יָטַב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 10 conj _ Gloss=do.good|Ref=LEV_5:4!9|MId=o030050040092|Strong=3190|Frame=A0:030050040021;|Type=infinitive_construct 15-16 לְ֠כֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ֠ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_5:4!10|MId=o030050040101|Strong=3807a 16 כֹל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=LEV_5:4!10|MId=o030050040102|Strong=3605 17 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=LEV_5:4!11|MId=o030050040111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18 יְבַטֵּ֧א בטא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.speak.rashly|Ref=LEV_5:4!12|MId=o030050040121|Strong=0981|Frame=A0:030050040132;|Type=yiqtol 19-20 הָאָדָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=LEV_5:4!13|MId=o030050040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אָדָ֛ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=LEV_5:4!13|MId=o030050040132|Strong=0120 21-22 בִּשְׁבֻעָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LEV_5:4!14|MId=o030050040141|Strong=0871a 22 שְׁבֻעָ֖ה שְׁבוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=an.oath|Ref=LEV_5:4!14|MId=o030050040142|Strong=7621 23-24 וְנֶעְלַ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_5:4!15|MId=o030050040151|Strong=2050b 24 נֶעְלַ֣ם עָלַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.hidden|Ref=LEV_5:4!15|MId=o030050040152|Strong=5956|Frame=A1:030050040041;|Type=weqatal 25-26 מִמֶּ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=LEV_5:4!16|MId=o030050040161|Strong=4480 26 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=LEV_5:4!16|MId=o030050040162|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְהוּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_5:4!17|MId=o030050040171|Strong=2050b 28 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=LEV_5:4!17|MId=o030050040172|Strong=1931|Type=personal 29 יָדַ֥ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.knew|Ref=LEV_5:4!18|MId=o030050040181|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:030050040172;|Type=qatal 30-31 וְאָשֵׁ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LEV_5:4!19|MId=o030050040191|Strong=2050b 31 אָשֵׁ֖ם אָשַׁם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=he.will.be.guilty|Ref=LEV_5:4!19|MId=o030050040192|Strong=0816|Frame=A0:030050040021;|Type=weqatal 32-33 לְאַחַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LEV_5:4!20|MId=o030050040201|Strong=3807a 33 אַחַ֥ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=one|Ref=LEV_5:4!20|MId=o030050040202|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 34-35 מֵאֵֽלֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=LEV_5:4!21|MId=o030050040211|Strong=4480 35 אֵֽלֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 33 nmod _ Gloss=these.[things]|Ref=LEV_5:4!21|MId=o030050040212|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=LEV_5:4!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִשָּׁבַע *it will swear an oath* | yiqtol · niphal | נֶפֶשׁ *anyone* | | | | | בַטֵּא *speaking rashly* | infinitive construct · piel | נֶפֶשׁ *anyone* | | | | | הָרַע *do evil* | infinitive construct · hiphil | נֶפֶשׁ *anyone* | | | | | הֵיטִיב *do good* | infinitive construct · hiphil | נֶפֶשׁ *anyone* | | | | | יְבַטֵּא *he will speak rashly* | yiqtol · piel | אָדָם *humankind* | | | | | נֶעְלַם *it will be hidden* | weqatal · niphal | | תִשָּׁבַע *it will swear an oath* | | | | יָדַע *he knew* | qatal · qal | הוּא־ *he* | | | | | אָשֵׁם *he will be guilty* | weqatal · qal | נֶפֶשׁ *anyone* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אוֹ אֱנַשׁ אֲרֵי יְקַיֵם לְפָרָשָׁא בְסִפְוָן לְאַבְאָשָׁא אוֹ לְאוֹטָבָא לְכֹל דִי יְפָרֵשׁ אֱנָשָׁא בְּקִיוּם וִיהֵי מְכַסָא מִנֵהּ וְהוּא יָדַע וְחָב לַחֲדָא מֵאִלֵין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [or if any one swear clearly with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall utter clearly with an oath, and it be hid from him; and, when he knoweth of it, be guilty in one of these things;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/LEV.88/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LEV:88`. - ← previous: [Leviticus 5:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.5.3/) - next →: [Leviticus 5:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV.5.5/) - ↑ back to [Leviticus 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/LEV/5/)