--- title: Numbers 1:20 — And the children of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their generations,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; Who acts: all, names. Numbers 1:20 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.1.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/1/) / 1:20 # Numbers 1:20 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** all, names · **What happens:** bear, accord, be, go, poll · **To what, where:** war This is Numbers 1:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — all, names — and what happens in the verse to war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שֵׁמוֹת֙ לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָ֔ם כָּל־זָכָ֗ר מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ [And the children of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:19 # text = וַיִּהְי֤וּ בְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר שֵׁמוֹת֙ לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָ֔ם כָּל־זָכָ֗ר מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כֹּ֖ל יֹצֵ֥א צָבָֽא׃ # verse = NUM.1.20 1-2 וַיִּהְי֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_1:20!1|MId=o040010200011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּהְי֤וּ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=NUM_1:20!1|MId=o040010200012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:040010200021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 בְנֵֽי־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.descendants|Ref=NUM_1:20!2|MId=o040010200021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 רְאוּבֵן֙ רְאוּבֵן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Reuben|Ref=NUM_1:20!3|MId=o040010200031|Strong=7205 5 בְּכֹ֣ר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.firstborn|Ref=NUM_1:20!4|MId=o040010200041|Strong=1060 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=NUM_1:20!5|MId=o040010200051|Strong=3478 7-8 תּוֹלְדֹתָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 תּוֹלְדֹת תּוֹלֵדוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 appos _ Gloss=genealogies|Ref=NUM_1:20!6|MId=o040010200061|Strong=8435 8 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NUM_1:20!6|MId=o040010200062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-11 לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_1:20!7|MId=o040010200071|Strong=3807a 10 מִשְׁפְּחֹת מִשְׁפָּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 nmod _ Gloss=clans|Ref=NUM_1:20!7|MId=o040010200072|Strong=4940 11 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NUM_1:20!7|MId=o040010200073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 לְבֵ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_1:20!8|MId=o040010200081|Strong=3807a 13 בֵ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=NUM_1:20!8|MId=o040010200082|Strong=1004 14-15 אֲבֹתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֲבֹת אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.ancestors|Ref=NUM_1:20!9|MId=o040010200091|Strong=0001 15 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NUM_1:20!9|MId=o040010200092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 בְּמִסְפַּ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=by.[the]|Ref=NUM_1:20!10|MId=o040010200101|Strong=0871a 17 מִסְפַּ֤ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Gloss=number|Ref=NUM_1:20!10|MId=o040010200102|Strong=4557 18 שֵׁמוֹת֙ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.names|Ref=NUM_1:20!11|MId=o040010200111|Strong=8034 19-21 לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_1:20!12|MId=o040010200121|Strong=3807a 20 גֻלְגְּלֹת גֻּלְגֹּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 nmod _ Gloss=heads|Ref=NUM_1:20!12|MId=o040010200122|Strong=1538 21 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NUM_1:20!12|MId=o040010200123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=every|Ref=NUM_1:20!13|MId=o040010200131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 23 זָכָ֗ר זָכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=male|Ref=NUM_1:20!14|MId=o040010200141|Strong=2145|Type=adjective 24-25 מִבֶּ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NUM_1:20!15|MId=o040010200151|Strong=4480 25 בֶּ֨ן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=NUM_1:20!15|MId=o040010200152|Strong=1121 26 עֶשְׂרִ֤ים עֶשְׂרִים NUM _ Number=Plur 27 nummod _ Gloss=of.twenty|Ref=NUM_1:20!16|MId=o040010200161|Strong=6242|Type=cardinal_number 27 שָׁנָה֙ שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=year[s]|Ref=NUM_1:20!17|MId=o040010200171|Strong=8141 28-30 וָמַ֔עְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_1:20!18|MId=o040010200181|Strong=2050b 29 מַ֔עְל מַעַל ADV _ _ 27 conj _ Gloss=upward|Ref=NUM_1:20!18|MId=o040010200182|Strong=4605 30 ָה ה X _ _ 29 nmod _ Gloss=upwards|Ref=NUM_1:20!18|MId=o040010200183|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 31 כֹּ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=every|Ref=NUM_1:20!19|MId=o040010200191|Strong=3605 32 יֹצֵ֥א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[one.who].goes.forth|Ref=NUM_1:20!20|MId=o040010200201|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:040010200141;|Type=participle_active 33 צָבָֽא צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.warfare|Ref=NUM_1:20!21|MId=o040010200211|Strong=6635|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=NUM_1:20!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּהְיוּ *they were* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְנֵֽי־ *the descendants* | | | | | יֹצֵא *\[one who\] goes forth* | participle active · qal | זָכָר *male* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲווֹ בְנֵי רְאוּבֵן בּוּכְרָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל תּוּלְדַתְהוֹן לְזַרְעֲיַתְהוֹן לְבֵית אֲבָהַתְהוֹן בְּמִנְיַן שְׁמָהָן לְגֻלְגְלַתְהוֹן כָּלּ דְכוּרָא מִבַּר עַשְׂרִין שְׁנִין וּלְעֵלָא כֹּל נָפֵק חֵילָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the children of Reuben, Israel's first-born, their generations, by their families, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:19`. - ← previous: [Numbers 1:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.1.19/) - next →: [Numbers 1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.1.21/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/1/)