--- title: Numbers 11:18 — And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying: Would that we were given flesh to eat! for it was well with us in Egypt; therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat. Who acts: thou, ye, flesh, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.11.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/11/) / 11:18 # Numbers 11:18 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** thou, ye, flesh, LORD · **What happens:** say, sanctify, eat, weep, give, be · **To what, where:** yourselves, flesh, we, Egypt, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Numbers 11:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, ye, flesh, LORD — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, flesh, we, Egypt, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶל־הָעָ֨ם תֹּאמַ֜ר הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָר֮ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם בָּשָׂר֒ כִּ֡י בְּכִיתֶם֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֤י יַאֲכִלֵ֙נוּ֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּי־ט֥וֹב לָ֖נוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽם׃ [And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying: Would that we were given flesh to eat! for it was well with us in Egypt; therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.453/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:437 # text = וְאֶל־הָעָ֨ם תֹּאמַ֜ר הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָר֮ וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם בָּשָׂר֒ כִּ֡י בְּכִיתֶם֩ בְּאָזְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר מִ֤י יַאֲכִלֵ֙נוּ֙ בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּי־ט֥וֹב לָ֖נוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְנָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽם׃ # verse = NUM.11.18 1-2 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_11:18!1|MId=o040110180011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_11:18!1|MId=o040110180012|Strong=0413 3-4 הָעָ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_11:18!2|MId=o040110180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עָ֨ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=NUM_11:18!2|MId=o040110180022|Strong=5971 5 תֹּאמַ֜ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=NUM_11:18!3|MId=o040110180031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:040110160041;|Type=yiqtol 6 הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ קָדַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 5 ccomp _ Gloss=sanctify.yourselves|Ref=NUM_11:18!4|MId=o040110180041|Strong=6942|Frame=A0:040110180022;|Type=imperative 7-8 לְמָחָר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NUM_11:18!5|MId=o040110180051|Strong=3807a 8 מָחָר֮ מָחָר ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=tomorrow|Ref=NUM_11:18!5|MId=o040110180052|Strong=4279 9-10 וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_11:18!6|MId=o040110180061|Strong=2050b 10 אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.will.eat|Ref=NUM_11:18!6|MId=o040110180062|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:040110180022;A1:040110180071;|Type=weqatal 11 בָּשָׂר֒ בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=meat|Ref=NUM_11:18!7|MId=o040110180071|Strong=1320 12 כִּ֡י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=NUM_11:18!8|MId=o040110180081|Strong=3588 13 בְּכִיתֶם֩ בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 advcl _ Gloss=you.have.wept|Ref=NUM_11:18!9|MId=o040110180091|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:040110180022;|Type=qatal 14-15 בְּאָזְנֵ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_11:18!10|MId=o040110180101|Strong=0871a 15 אָזְנֵ֨י אֹזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 13 obl _ Gloss=the.ears|Ref=NUM_11:18!10|MId=o040110180102|Strong=0241 16 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=NUM_11:18!11|MId=o040110180111|Strong=3068 17-18 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 20 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=NUM_11:18!12|MId=o040110180121|Strong=3807a 18 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=NUM_11:18!12|MId=o040110180122|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:040110180022;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 20 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=NUM_11:18!13|MId=o040110180131|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 20-21 יַאֲכִלֵ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 יַאֲכִל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 advcl _ Gloss=will|Ref=NUM_11:18!14|MId=o040110180141|Strong=0398|Frame=AA:040110180131;A0:040110180142;A1:040110180151;|Type=yiqtol 21 ֵ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=he.cause.us.to.eat|Ref=NUM_11:18!14|MId=o040110180142|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 22 בָּשָׂ֔ר בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 xcomp _ Gloss=meat|Ref=NUM_11:18!15|MId=o040110180151|Strong=1320 23 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=NUM_11:18!16|MId=o040110180161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 24 ט֥וֹב טוֹב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 advcl _ Gloss=it.was.good|Ref=NUM_11:18!17|MId=o040110180171|Strong=2895|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal 25-26 לָ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NUM_11:18!18|MId=o040110180181|Strong=3807a 26 ָ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=NUM_11:18!18|MId=o040110180182|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 27-28 בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_11:18!19|MId=o040110180191|Strong=0871a 28 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=NUM_11:18!19|MId=o040110180192|Strong=4714 29-30 וְנָתַ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_11:18!20|MId=o040110180201|Strong=2050b 30 נָתַ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.will.give|Ref=NUM_11:18!20|MId=o040110180202|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:040110180211;A1:040110180231;|Type=weqatal 31 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=NUM_11:18!21|MId=o040110180211|Strong=3068 32-33 לָכֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ל לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_11:18!22|MId=o040110180221|Strong=3807a 33 ָכֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=NUM_11:18!22|MId=o040110180222|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 34 בָּשָׂ֖ר בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=meat|Ref=NUM_11:18!23|MId=o040110180231|Strong=1320 35-36 וַאֲכַלְתֶּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_11:18!24|MId=o040110180241|Strong=2050b 36 אֲכַלְתֶּֽם אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.will.eat|Ref=NUM_11:18!24|MId=o040110180242|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:040110180022;A1:040110180231;|Type=weqatal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=NUM_11:18!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמַר *you will say* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ *sanctify yourselves* | imperative · hithpael | עָם *people* | | | | | אֲכַלְתֶּם *you will eat* | weqatal · qal | עָם *people* | בָּשָׂר *meat* | | | | בְּכִיתֶם *you have wept* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יַאֲכִל *will* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵנוּ *he cause us to eat* | בָּשָׂר *meat* | | מִי *who?* | | טוֹב *it was good* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נָתַן *he will give* | weqatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | בָּשָׂר *meat* | | | | אֲכַלְתֶּֽם *you will eat* | weqatal · qal | עָם *people* | בָּשָׂר *meat* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּלְעַמָא תֵימַר אִזְדַמְנוּ לִמְחַר וְתֵיכְלוּן בִּשְׂרָא אֲרֵי בְּכִיתוּן קֳדָם יְיָ לְמֵימַר מָן יֵכְלִנָנָא בִּשְׂרָא אֲרֵי טַב לָנָא בְּמִצְרָיִם וְיִתֵּן יְיָ לְכוֹן בִּשְׂרָא וְתֵיכְלוּן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And say thou unto the people: Sanctify yourselves against to-morrow, and ye shall eat flesh; for ye have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying: Would that we were given flesh to eat! for it was well with us in Egypt; therefore the LORD will give you flesh, and ye shall eat.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.453/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:437`. - ← previous: [Numbers 11:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.11.17/) - next →: [Numbers 11:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.11.19/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/11/)