--- title: Numbers 13:16 — These are the names of the men that Moses sent to spy out the land.… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: These are the names of the men that Moses sent to spy out the land. And Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua. Who acts: These, Moses. Numbers 13:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/13/) / 13:16 # Numbers 13:16 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** These, Moses · **What happens:** be, send, spy out, call · **To what, where:** names, men, land, son, Hoshea · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Numbers 13:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — These, Moses — and what happens in the verse to names, men, land, son, Hoshea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ [These are the names of the men that Moses sent to spy out the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.502/) [And Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.503/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:486 # text = אֵ֚לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א מֹשֶׁ֛ה לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נ֖וּן יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃ # verse = NUM.13.16 1 אֵ֚לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=NUM_13:16!1|MId=o040130160011|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 2 שְׁמ֣וֹת שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[are].the.names|Ref=NUM_13:16!2|MId=o040130160021|Strong=8034 3-4 הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=NUM_13:16!3|MId=o040130160031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=NUM_13:16!3|MId=o040130160032|Strong=0376 5 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=NUM_13:16!4|MId=o040130160041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 6 שָׁלַ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=NUM_13:16!5|MId=o040130160051|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:040130160061;A1:040130160032;|Type=qatal 7 מֹשֶׁ֖ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=NUM_13:16!6|MId=o040130160061|Strong=4872 8-9 לָת֣וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_13:16!7|MId=o040130160071|Strong=3807a 9 ת֣וּר תּוּר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=spy.out|Ref=NUM_13:16!7|MId=o040130160072|Strong=8446|Frame=A0:040130160032;|Type=infinitive_construct 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_13:16!8|MId=o040130160081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_13:16!9|MId=o040130160091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=NUM_13:16!9|MId=o040130160092|Strong=0776 13-14 וַיִּקְרָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_13:16!10|MId=o040130160101|Strong=2050b 14 יִּקְרָ֥א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.called|Ref=NUM_13:16!10|MId=o040130160102|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:040130160111;A1:040130160151;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 מֹשֶׁ֛ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=NUM_13:16!11|MId=o040130160111|Strong=4872 16-17 לְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=NUM_13:16!12|MId=o040130160121|Strong=3807a 17 הוֹשֵׁ֥עַ הוֹשֵׁעַ PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Hoshea|Ref=NUM_13:16!12|MId=o040130160122|Strong=1954 18 בִּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=NUM_13:16!13|MId=o040130160131|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 19 נ֖וּן נוּן PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nun|Ref=NUM_13:16!14|MId=o040130160141|Strong=5126 20 יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 14 obj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=NUM_13:16!15|MId=o040130160151|Strong=3091|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=NUM_13:16!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁלַח *he sent* | qatal · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | אֲנָשִׁים *the men* | | | | תוּר *spy out* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *the men* | | | | | יִּקְרָא *he called* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ *Joshua* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אִלֵין שְׁמָהַת גֻבְרַיָא דִי שְׁלַח משֶׁה לְאַלָלָא יָת אַרְעָא וּקְרָא משֶׁה לְהוֹשֵׁעַ בַּר נוּן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [These are the names of the men that Moses sent to spy out the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.502/) 2. [And Moses called Hoshea the son of Nun Joshua.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.503/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:486`. - ← previous: [Numbers 13:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.15/) - next →: [Numbers 13:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.17/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/13/)