--- title: Numbers 13:19 — and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds; Who acts: land, people. Numbers 13:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/13/) / 13:19 # Numbers 13:19 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** land, people · **What happens:** be, dwell · **To what, where:** camps This is Numbers 13:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, people — and what happens in the verse to camps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ הֲטוֹבָ֥ה הִ֖וא אִם־רָעָ֑ה וּמָ֣ה הֶֽעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהֵ֔נָּה הַבְּמַֽחֲנִ֖ים אִ֥ם בְּמִבְצָרִֽים׃ [and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.506/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:489 # text = וּמָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ הֲטוֹבָ֥ה הִ֖וא אִם־רָעָ֑ה וּמָ֣ה הֶֽעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־הוּא֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהֵ֔נָּה הַבְּמַֽחֲנִ֖ים אִ֥ם בְּמִבְצָרִֽים׃ # verse = NUM.13.19 1-2 וּמָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_13:19!1|MId=o040130190011|Strong=2050b 2 מָ֣ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 0 root _ Gloss=what?|Ref=NUM_13:19!1|MId=o040130190012|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 3-4 הָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=NUM_13:19!2|MId=o040130190021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=NUM_13:19!2|MId=o040130190022|Strong=0776 5 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NUM_13:19!3|MId=o040130190031|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 6 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=NUM_13:19!4|MId=o040130190041|Strong=1931|Type=personal 7 יֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].dwelling|Ref=NUM_13:19!5|MId=o040130190051|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:040130190041;|Type=participle_active 8-9 בָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_13:19!6|MId=o040130190061|Strong=0871a 9 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=NUM_13:19!6|MId=o040130190062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10-11 הֲטוֹבָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=NUM_13:19!7|MId=o040130190071|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 11 טוֹבָ֥ה טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=good|Ref=NUM_13:19!7|MId=o040130190072|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 12 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].it|Ref=NUM_13:19!8|MId=o040130190081|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 13 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=NUM_13:19!9|MId=o040130190091|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 14 רָעָ֑ה רַע ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=bad|Ref=NUM_13:19!10|MId=o040130190101|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 15-16 וּמָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_13:19!11|MId=o040130190111|Strong=2050b 16 מָ֣ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 conj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=NUM_13:19!11|MId=o040130190112|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 17-18 הֶֽעָרִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=NUM_13:19!12|MId=o040130190121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עָרִ֗ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=NUM_13:19!12|MId=o040130190122|Strong=5892 19 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=NUM_13:19!13|MId=o040130190131|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 20 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=NUM_13:19!14|MId=o040130190141|Strong=1931|Type=personal 21 יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].dwelling|Ref=NUM_13:19!15|MId=o040130190151|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:040130190141;|Type=participle_active 22-23 בָּהֵ֔נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_13:19!16|MId=o040130190161|Strong=0871a 23 הֵ֔נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=NUM_13:19!16|MId=o040130190162|Strong=2007|Type=personal 24-26 הַבְּמַֽחֲנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ PART _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=NUM_13:19!17|MId=o040130190171|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_13:19!17|MId=o040130190172|Strong=0871a 26 מַֽחֲנִ֖ים מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 16 parataxis _ Gloss=camps|Ref=NUM_13:19!17|MId=o040130190173|Strong=4264 27 אִ֥ם אִם SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=or?|Ref=NUM_13:19!18|MId=o040130190181|Strong=0518 28-29 בְּמִבְצָרִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_13:19!19|MId=o040130190191|Strong=0871a 29 מִבְצָרִֽים מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 parataxis _ Gloss=fortresses|Ref=NUM_13:19!19|MId=o040130190192|Strong=4013 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=NUM_13:19!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹשֵׁב *\[is\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | הוּא *it* | | | | | יוֹשֵׁב *\[is\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | הוּא *it* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּמָה אַרְעָא דִי הוּא יָתֵב בָּהּ הֲטָבָא הִיא אִם בִּישָׁא וּמָה קִרְוַיָא דִי הוּא יָתֵב בְהוֹן הַבְּפַצְחִין אִם בִּכְרַכִּין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and what the land is that they dwell in, whether it is good or bad; and what cities they are that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strongholds;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.506/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:489`. - ← previous: [Numbers 13:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.18/) - next →: [Numbers 13:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.20/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/13/)