--- title: Numbers 13:31 — But the men that went up with him said: 'We are not able to go up ag… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But the men that went up with him said: 'We are not able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.' Who acts: men, We. Numbers 13:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/13/) / 13:31 # Numbers 13:31 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** men, We · **What happens:** go up, say, not be, be · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Numbers 13:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, We — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָ֨אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־עָל֤וּ עִמּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לַעֲל֣וֹת אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָזָ֥ק ה֖וּא מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ [But the men that went up with him said: 'We are not able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.519/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:501 # text = וְהָ֨אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־עָל֤וּ עִמּוֹ֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לַעֲל֣וֹת אֶל־הָעָ֑ם כִּֽי־חָזָ֥ק ה֖וּא מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ # verse = NUM.13.31 1-3 וְהָ֨אֲנָשִׁ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_13:31!1|MId=o040130310011|Strong=2050b 2 הָ֨ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_13:31!1|MId=o040130310012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 אֲנָשִׁ֜ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=NUM_13:31!1|MId=o040130310013|Strong=0376 4 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=NUM_13:31!2|MId=o040130310021|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 5 עָל֤וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.gone.up|Ref=NUM_13:31!3|MId=o040130310031|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:040130310013;|Type=qatal 6-7 עִמּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=NUM_13:31!4|MId=o040130310041|Strong=5973 7 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=NUM_13:31!4|MId=o040130310042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אָֽמְר֔וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=NUM_13:31!5|MId=o040130310051|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:040130310013;|Type=qatal 9 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NUM_13:31!6|MId=o040130310061|Strong=3808|Type=negative 10 נוּכַ֖ל יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 8 ccomp _ Gloss=we.are.able|Ref=NUM_13:31!7|MId=o040130310071|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:040130300021;040130310013;040130300061;040130300042;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 לַעֲל֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_13:31!8|MId=o040130310081|Strong=3807a 12 עֲל֣וֹת עָלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 xcomp _ Gloss=go.up|Ref=NUM_13:31!8|MId=o040130310082|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:040130300021;040130310013;040130300061;040130300042;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=NUM_13:31!9|MId=o040130310091|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הָעָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_13:31!10|MId=o040130310101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עָ֑ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=NUM_13:31!10|MId=o040130310102|Strong=5971 16 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=NUM_13:31!11|MId=o040130310111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 חָזָ֥ק חָזָק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].strong|Ref=NUM_13:31!12|MId=o040130310121|Strong=2389|Type=adjective 18 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=NUM_13:31!13|MId=o040130310131|Strong=1931|Type=personal 19-20 מִמֶּֽנּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=NUM_13:31!14|MId=o040130310141|Strong=4480 20 ֶֽנּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=than.us|Ref=NUM_13:31!14|MId=o040130310142|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=NUM_13:31!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלוּ *they had gone up* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | אָֽמְרוּ *they said* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | **not** נוּכַל *we are able* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | עֲלוֹת *go up* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְגֻבְרַיָא דִי סְלִיקוּ עִמֵהּ אֲמָרוּ לָא נֵיכוֹל לְמֵיסַק לְוַת עַמָא אֲרֵי תַּקִיף הוּא מִנָנָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But the men that went up with him said: 'We are not able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.519/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:501`. - ← previous: [Numbers 13:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.30/) - next →: [Numbers 13:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.13.32/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/13/)