--- title: Numbers 14:38 — But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, remained… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, remained alive of those men that went to spy out the land. Who acts: Joshua, men. Numbers 14:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/14/) / 14:38 # Numbers 14:38 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** Joshua, men · **What happens:** remain, go, spy out · **To what, where:** land This is Numbers 14:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, men — and what happens in the verse to land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְכָלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֑ה חָיוּ֙ מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הַֽהֹלְכִ֖ים לָת֥וּר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, remained alive of those men that went to spy out the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.561/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:541 # text = וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְכָלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֑ה חָיוּ֙ מִן־הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הַֽהֹלְכִ֖ים לָת֥וּר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = NUM.14.38 1-2 וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_14:38!1|MId=o040140380011|Strong=2050b 2 יהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=NUM_14:38!1|MId=o040140380012|Strong=3091 3 בִּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=NUM_14:38!2|MId=o040140380021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 נ֔וּן נוּן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nun|Ref=NUM_14:38!3|MId=o040140380031|Strong=5126 5-6 וְכָלֵ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_14:38!4|MId=o040140380041|Strong=2050b 6 כָלֵ֖ב כָּלֵב PROPN _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=Caleb|Ref=NUM_14:38!4|MId=o040140380042|Strong=3612 7 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=NUM_14:38!5|MId=o040140380051|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 8 יְפֻנֶּ֑ה יְפֻנֶּה PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jephunneh|Ref=NUM_14:38!6|MId=o040140380061|Strong=3312 9 חָיוּ֙ חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.lived|Ref=NUM_14:38!7|MId=o040140380071|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:040140380012;040140380042;|Type=qatal 10 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=NUM_14:38!8|MId=o040140380081|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_14:38!9|MId=o040140380091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אֲנָשִׁ֣ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=NUM_14:38!9|MId=o040140380092|Strong=0376 13-14 הָהֵ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NUM_14:38!10|MId=o040140380101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 הֵ֔ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=NUM_14:38!10|MId=o040140380102|Strong=1992|Type=personal 15-16 הַֽהֹלְכִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=NUM_14:38!11|MId=o040140380111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 הֹלְכִ֖ים הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 appos _ Gloss=went|Ref=NUM_14:38!11|MId=o040140380112|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:040140380092;|Type=participle_active 17-18 לָת֥וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_14:38!12|MId=o040140380121|Strong=3807a 18 ת֥וּר תּוּר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=spy.out|Ref=NUM_14:38!12|MId=o040140380122|Strong=8446|Frame=A0:040140380092;A1:040140380142;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_14:38!13|MId=o040140380131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_14:38!14|MId=o040140380141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=NUM_14:38!14|MId=o040140380142|Strong=0776 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=NUM_14:38!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָיוּ *they lived* | qatal · qal | יהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + כָלֵב *Caleb* | | | | | הֹלְכִים *went* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | תוּר *spy out* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אָֽרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּר נוּן וְכָלֵב בַּר יְפֻנֶה אִתְקַיְימוּ מִן גֻבְרַיָא הָאִנוּן דַאֲזָלוּ לְאַלָלָא יָת אַרְעָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh, remained alive of those men that went to spy out the land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.561/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:541`. - ← previous: [Numbers 14:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.37/) - next →: [Numbers 14:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.39/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/14/)