--- title: Numbers 14:45 — Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country, came down, and smote them and beat them down, even unto Hormah. Who acts: Amalekite. Numbers 14:45 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/14/) / 14:45 # Numbers 14:45 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** Amalekite · **What happens:** dwell, come down, smote, beat down · **To what, where:** hill country, Amalekite This is Numbers 14:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Amalekite — and what happens in the verse to hill country, Amalekite, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּ֤רֶד הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּהָ֣ר הַה֑וּא וַיַּכּ֥וּם וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה׃פ [Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country, came down, and smote them and beat them down, even unto Hormah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.568/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:548 # text = וַיֵּ֤רֶד הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּהָ֣ר הַה֑וּא וַיַּכּ֥וּם וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה׃פ # verse = NUM.14.45 1-2 וַיֵּ֤רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_14:45!1|MId=o040140450011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּ֤רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came.down|Ref=NUM_14:45!1|MId=o040140450012|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:040140450022;040140450033;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָעֲמָלֵקִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_14:45!2|MId=o040140450021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 עֲמָלֵקִי֙ עֲמָלֵקִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Amalekite[s]|Ref=NUM_14:45!2|MId=o040140450022|Strong=6003|Type=gentilic 5-7 וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_14:45!3|MId=o040140450031|Strong=2050b 6 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_14:45!3|MId=o040140450032|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 כְּנַעֲנִ֔י כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=Canaanite[s]|Ref=NUM_14:45!3|MId=o040140450033|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 8-9 הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=NUM_14:45!4|MId=o040140450041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יֹּשֵׁ֖ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=dwelt|Ref=NUM_14:45!4|MId=o040140450042|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:040140450022;040140450033;|Type=participle_active 10-12 בָּהָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_14:45!5|MId=o040140450051|Strong=0871a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=NUM_14:45!5|MId=o040140450051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 הָ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=NUM_14:45!5|MId=o040140450052|Strong=2022 13-14 הַה֑וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NUM_14:45!6|MId=o040140450061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 ה֑וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=NUM_14:45!6|MId=o040140450062|Strong=1931|Type=personal 15-17 וַיַּכּ֥וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_14:45!7|MId=o040140450071|Strong=2050b 16 יַּכּ֥וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NUM_14:45!7|MId=o040140450072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:040140450022;040140450033;A0:040140450073;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=attacked.them|Ref=NUM_14:45!7|MId=o040140450073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-20 וַֽיַּכְּת֖וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_14:45!8|MId=o040140450081|Strong=2050b 19 יַּכְּת֖וּ כָּתַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NUM_14:45!8|MId=o040140450082|Strong=3807|Frame=AA:040140450022;040140450033;A0:040140450083;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=scattered.them|Ref=NUM_14:45!8|MId=o040140450083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_14:45!9|MId=o040140450091|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַֽחָרְמָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NUM_14:45!10|MId=o040140450101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 חָרְמָֽה חׇרְמָה PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Hormah|Ref=NUM_14:45!10|MId=o040140450102|Strong=2767 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=NUM_14:45!10|SpaceAfter=No 25 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=NUM_14:45!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּרֶד *he came down* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲמָלֵקִי *Amalekite\[s\]* + כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | | יֹּשֵׁב *dwelt* | participle active · qal | עֲמָלֵקִי *Amalekite\[s\]* + כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | | | | יַּכּוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *attacked them* | | | עֲמָלֵקִי *Amalekite\[s\]* + כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | | יַּכְּתוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *scattered them* | | | עֲמָלֵקִי *Amalekite\[s\]* + כְּנַעֲנִי *Canaanite\[s\]* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְחַת עֲמַלְקָאָה וּכְנַעֲנָאָה דְיָתֵב בְּטוּרָא הַהוּא וּמְחֻנוּן וּטְרָדֻנוּן עַד חָרְמָה The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the Amalekite and the Canaanite, who dwelt in that hill-country, came down, and smote them and beat them down, even unto Hormah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.568/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:548`. - ← previous: [Numbers 14:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.14.44/) - next →: [Numbers 15:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.15.1/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/14/)