--- title: Numbers 21:23 — And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border; but Si… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border; but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness, and came to Jahaz; and he fought against Israel. Who acts: Sihon. Numbers 21:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.21.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/21/) / 21:23 # Numbers 21:23 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** Sihon · **What happens:** not suffer, pass, gather, go out, come, fight · **To what, where:** Israel, border, people, wilderness, Jahaz This is Numbers 21:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Sihon — and what happens in the verse to Israel, border, people, wilderness, Jahaz, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלֹא־נָתַ֨ן סִיחֹ֣ן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻלוֹ֒ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף סִיחֹ֜ן אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֗וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֞א לִקְרַ֤את יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה וַיָּבֹ֖א יָ֑הְצָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border; but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness, and came to Jahaz; and he fought against Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.779/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:758 # text = וְלֹא־נָתַ֨ן סִיחֹ֣ן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻלוֹ֒ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף סִיחֹ֜ן אֶת־כָּל־עַמּ֗וֹ וַיֵּצֵ֞א לִקְרַ֤את יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה וַיָּבֹ֖א יָ֑הְצָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = NUM.21.23 1-2 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_21:23!1|MId=o040210230011|Strong=2050b 2 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NUM_21:23!1|MId=o040210230012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 נָתַ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.permitted|Ref=NUM_21:23!2|MId=o040210230021|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:040210230031;A1:040210230061;|Type=qatal 4 סִיחֹ֣ן סִיחוֹן PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Sihon|Ref=NUM_21:23!3|MId=o040210230031|Strong=5511 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_21:23!4|MId=o040210230041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=NUM_21:23!5|MId=o040210230051|Strong=3478 7 עֲבֹ֣ר עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 obj _ Gloss=to.pass|Ref=NUM_21:23!6|MId=o040210230061|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:040210230051;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-10 בִּגְבֻלוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_21:23!7|MId=o040210230071|Strong=0871a 9 גְבֻל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=territory|Ref=NUM_21:23!7|MId=o040210230072|Strong=1366 10 וֹ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_21:23!7|MId=o040210230073|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_21:23!8|MId=o040210230081|Strong=2050b 12 יֶּאֱסֹ֨ף אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.gathered|Ref=NUM_21:23!8|MId=o040210230082|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:040210230091;A1:040210230121;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 סִיחֹ֜ן סִיחוֹן PROPN _ _ 12 nsubj _ Gloss=Sihon|Ref=NUM_21:23!9|MId=o040210230091|Strong=5511 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_21:23!10|MId=o040210230101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=NUM_21:23!11|MId=o040210230111|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 עַמּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=NUM_21:23!12|MId=o040210230121|Strong=5971 17 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_21:23!12|MId=o040210230122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וַיֵּצֵ֞א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_21:23!13|MId=o040210230131|Strong=2050b 19 יֵּצֵ֞א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=NUM_21:23!13|MId=o040210230132|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:040210230091;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 לִקְרַ֤את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_21:23!14|MId=o040210230141|Strong=3807a 21 קְרַ֤את קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=NUM_21:23!14|MId=o040210230142|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:040210230091;A1:040210230151;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 21 obj _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=NUM_21:23!15|MId=o040210230151|Strong=3478 23-25 הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_21:23!16|MId=o040210230161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 מִּדְבָּ֔ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_21:23!16|MId=o040210230162|Strong=4057 25 ָה ה X _ _ 24 nmod _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=NUM_21:23!16|MId=o040210230163|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 26-27 וַיָּבֹ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_21:23!17|MId=o040210230171|Strong=2050b 27 יָּבֹ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=NUM_21:23!17|MId=o040210230172|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:040210230091;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 יָ֑הְצָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 יָ֑הְצ יָהְצָה PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_21:23!18|MId=o040210230181|Strong=3096 29 ָה ה X _ _ 28 nmod _ Gloss=Jahaz|Ref=NUM_21:23!18|MId=o040210230182|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 30-31 וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_21:23!19|MId=o040210230191|Strong=2050b 31 יִּלָּ֖חֶם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.engaged.in.battle|Ref=NUM_21:23!19|MId=o040210230192|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:040210230091;|Type=wayyiqtol 32-33 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=NUM_21:23!20|MId=o040210230201|Strong=0871a 33 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 31 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=NUM_21:23!20|MId=o040210230202|Strong=3478 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=NUM_21:23!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** נָתַן *he permitted* | qatal · qal | סִיחֹן *Sihon* | עֲבֹר *to pass* | | | | עֲבֹר *to pass* | infinitive construct · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | | יֶּאֱסֹף *he gathered* | wayyiqtol · qal | סִיחֹן *Sihon* | עַמּ *people* | | | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | סִיחֹן *Sihon* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | סִיחֹן *Sihon* | יִשְׂרָאֵל *Israel* | | | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | סִיחֹן *Sihon* | | | | | יִּלָּחֶם *he engaged in battle* | wayyiqtol · niphal | סִיחֹן *Sihon* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְלָא שְׁבַק סִיחוֹן יָת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֶעְבַּר בִּתְחוּמֵיהּ וּכְנַשׁ סִיחוֹן יָת כָּל עַמֵיהּ וּנְפַק לָקֳדָמוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַדְבְּרָא וַאֲתָא לְיָהַץ וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Sihon would not suffer Israel to pass through his border; but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness, and came to Jahaz; and he fought against Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.779/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:758`. - ← previous: [Numbers 21:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.21.22/) - next →: [Numbers 21:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.21.24/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/21/)