--- title: Numbers 22:23 — And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field; and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way. Who acts: ass, angel, Balaam. Numbers 22:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum On --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/22/) / 22:23 # Numbers 22:23 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** ass, angel, Balaam · **What happens:** see, stand, draw, turn, go, smite · **To what, where:** angel, way, sword, hand, field, ass This is Numbers 22:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ass, angel, Balaam — and what happens in the verse to angel, way, sword, hand, field, ass, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָאָתוֹן֩ אֶת־מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤ט הָֽאָתוֹן֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ בִּלְעָם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָת֔וֹן לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ [And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field; and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.814/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:793 # text = וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָאָתוֹן֩ אֶת־מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהוָ֜ה נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ שְׁלוּפָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤ט הָֽאָתוֹן֙ מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ בִּלְעָם֙ אֶת־הָ֣אָת֔וֹן לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ # verse = NUM.22.23 1-2 וַתֵּ֣רֶא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:23!1|MId=o040220230011|Strong=2050b 2 תֵּ֣רֶא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.saw|Ref=NUM_22:23!1|MId=o040220230012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:040220230022;A1:040220230061;040220230091;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָאָתוֹן֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!2|MId=o040220230021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָתוֹן֩ אָתוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=NUM_22:23!2|MId=o040220230022|Strong=0860 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_22:23!3|MId=o040220230031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 מַלְאַ֨ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=NUM_22:23!4|MId=o040220230041|Strong=4397 7 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=NUM_22:23!5|MId=o040220230051|Strong=3068 8 נִצָּ֣ב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=standing|Ref=NUM_22:23!6|MId=o040220230061|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:040220230041;|Type=participle_active 9-11 בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_22:23!7|MId=o040220230071|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!7|MId=o040220230071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 דֶּ֗רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=road|Ref=NUM_22:23!7|MId=o040220230072|Strong=1870 12-14 וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:23!8|MId=o040220230081|Strong=2050b 13 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=NUM_22:23!8|MId=o040220230082|Strong=2719 14 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_22:23!8|MId=o040220230083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 שְׁלוּפָה֙ שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[was].drawn|Ref=NUM_22:23!9|MId=o040220230091|Strong=8025|Frame=A1:040220230082;|Type=participle_passive 16-18 בְּיָד֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_22:23!10|MId=o040220230101|Strong=0871a 17 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=NUM_22:23!10|MId=o040220230102|Strong=3027 18 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_22:23!10|MId=o040220230103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וַתֵּ֤ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:23!11|MId=o040220230111|Strong=2050b 20 תֵּ֤ט נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.turned.aside|Ref=NUM_22:23!11|MId=o040220230112|Strong=5186|Frame=A0:040220230122;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 הָֽאָתוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!12|MId=o040220230121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אָתוֹן֙ אָתוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=NUM_22:23!12|MId=o040220230122|Strong=0860 23 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NUM_22:23!13|MId=o040220230131|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!14|MId=o040220230141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 דֶּ֔רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=road|Ref=NUM_22:23!14|MId=o040220230142|Strong=1870 26-27 וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:23!15|MId=o040220230151|Strong=2050b 27 תֵּ֖לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.went|Ref=NUM_22:23!15|MId=o040220230152|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:040220230122;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-30 בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_22:23!16|MId=o040220230161|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!16|MId=o040220230161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 שָּׂדֶ֑ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=field|Ref=NUM_22:23!16|MId=o040220230162|Strong=7704 31-32 וַיַּ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:23!17|MId=o040220230171|Strong=2050b 32 יַּ֤ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.struck|Ref=NUM_22:23!17|MId=o040220230172|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:040220230181;A0:040220230202;|Type=wayyiqtol 33 בִּלְעָם֙ בִּלְעָם PROPN _ _ 32 nsubj _ Gloss=Balaam|Ref=NUM_22:23!18|MId=o040220230181|Strong=1109 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_22:23!19|MId=o040220230191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הָ֣אָת֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!20|MId=o040220230201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 אָת֔וֹן אָתוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=NUM_22:23!20|MId=o040220230202|Strong=0860 37-39 לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_22:23!21|MId=o040220230211|Strong=3807a 38 הַטֹּת נָטָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 32 advcl _ Gloss=turn|Ref=NUM_22:23!21|MId=o040220230212|Strong=5186|Frame=AA:040220230181;A0:040220230213;|Type=infinitive_construct 39 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=NUM_22:23!21|MId=o040220230213|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 40-41 הַדָּֽרֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:23!22|MId=o040220230221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 דָּֽרֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=road|Ref=NUM_22:23!22|MId=o040220230222|Strong=1870 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=NUM_22:23!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵּרֶא *it saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָתוֹן *donkey* | נִצָּב *standing* + שְׁלוּפָה *\[was\] drawn* | | | | נִצָּב *standing* | participle active · niphal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | שְׁלוּפָה *\[was\] drawn* | participle passive · qal | | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | תֵּט *it turned aside* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָתוֹן *donkey* | | | | | תֵּלֶךְ *it went* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָתוֹן *donkey* | | | | | יַּךְ *he struck* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | אָתוֹן *donkey* | | | בִּלְעָם *Balaam* | | הַטֹּת *turn* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָהּ *it* | | | בִּלְעָם *Balaam* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲזַת אֲתָּנָא יַת מַלְאָכָא דַיְיָ מְעַתַּד בְּאָרְחָא וְחַרְבֵּיהּ שְׁלִיפָא בִּידֵיהּ וּסְטַת אֲתָּנָא מִן אוֹרְחָא וַאֲזָלַת בְּחַקְלָא וּמְחָא בִּלְעָם יַת אֲתָּנָא לְאַסְטָיוּתַהּ לְאָרְחָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field; and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.814/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:793`. - ← previous: [Numbers 22:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.22/) - next →: [Numbers 22:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.24/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/22/)