--- title: Numbers 22:31 — Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face. Who acts: LORD, angel, Balaam. Numbers 22:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/22/) / 22:31 # Numbers 22:31 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** LORD, angel, Balaam · **What happens:** open, see, stand, draw, bow, fall · **To what, where:** eyes, angel, way, sword, hand, head This is Numbers 22:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, angel, Balaam — and what happens in the verse to eyes, angel, way, sword, hand, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְגַ֣ל יְהוָה֮ אֶת־עֵינֵ֣י בִלְעָם֒ וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלֻפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיִּקֹּ֥ד וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לְאַפָּֽיו׃ [Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.822/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:801 # text = וַיְגַ֣ל יְהוָה֮ אֶת־עֵינֵ֣י בִלְעָם֒ וַיַּ֞רְא אֶת־מַלְאַ֤ךְ יְהוָה֙ נִצָּ֣ב בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלֻפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיִּקֹּ֥ד וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לְאַפָּֽיו׃ # verse = NUM.22.31 1-2 וַיְגַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:31!1|MId=o040220310011|Strong=2050b 2 יְגַ֣ל גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.uncovered|Ref=NUM_22:31!1|MId=o040220310012|Strong=1540|Frame=A0:040220310021;A1:040220310041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֮ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=NUM_22:31!2|MId=o040220310021|Strong=3068 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_22:31!3|MId=o040220310031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 עֵינֵ֣י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 2 obj _ Gloss=the.eyes|Ref=NUM_22:31!4|MId=o040220310041|Strong=5869 6 בִלְעָם֒ בִּלְעָם PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Balaam|Ref=NUM_22:31!5|MId=o040220310051|Strong=1109 7-8 וַיַּ֞רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:31!6|MId=o040220310061|Strong=2050b 8 יַּ֞רְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=NUM_22:31!6|MId=o040220310062|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:040220310051;A1:040220310101;040220310131;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=NUM_22:31!7|MId=o040220310071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10 מַלְאַ֤ךְ מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.angel|Ref=NUM_22:31!8|MId=o040220310081|Strong=4397 11 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=NUM_22:31!9|MId=o040220310091|Strong=3068 12 נִצָּ֣ב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=standing|Ref=NUM_22:31!10|MId=o040220310101|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:040220310081;|Type=participle_active 13-15 בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_22:31!11|MId=o040220310111|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_22:31!11|MId=o040220310111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 דֶּ֔רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=road|Ref=NUM_22:31!11|MId=o040220310112|Strong=1870 16-18 וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:31!12|MId=o040220310121|Strong=2050b 17 חַרְבּ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=sword|Ref=NUM_22:31!12|MId=o040220310122|Strong=2719 18 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_22:31!12|MId=o040220310123|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 שְׁלֻפָ֖ה שָׁלַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=[was].drawn|Ref=NUM_22:31!13|MId=o040220310131|Strong=8025|Frame=A1:040220310122;|Type=participle_passive 20-22 בְּיָד֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_22:31!14|MId=o040220310141|Strong=0871a 21 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=NUM_22:31!14|MId=o040220310142|Strong=3027 22 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_22:31!14|MId=o040220310143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 וַיִּקֹּ֥ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:31!15|MId=o040220310151|Strong=2050b 24 יִּקֹּ֥ד קָדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.low|Ref=NUM_22:31!15|MId=o040220310152|Strong=6915|Frame=A0:040220310051;|Type=wayyiqtol 25-26 וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_22:31!16|MId=o040220310161|Strong=2050b 26 יִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=NUM_22:31!16|MId=o040220310162|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:040220310051;|Type=wayyiqtol 27-29 לְאַפָּֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_22:31!17|MId=o040220310171|Strong=3807a 28 אַפָּֽי אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 24 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=NUM_22:31!17|MId=o040220310172|Strong=0639 29 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NUM_22:31!17|MId=o040220310173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=NUM_22:31!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְגַל *he uncovered* | wayyiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | עֵינֵי *the eyes* | | | | יַּרְא *he saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | בִלְעָם *of Balaam* | נִצָּב *standing* + שְׁלֻפָה *\[was\] drawn* | | | | נִצָּב *standing* | participle active · niphal | מַלְאַךְ *the angel* | | | | | שְׁלֻפָה *\[was\] drawn* | participle passive · qal | | חַרְבּ *sword* | | | | יִּקֹּד *he bowed low* | wayyiqtol · qal | בִלְעָם *of Balaam* | | | | | יִּשְׁתַּחוּ *he bowed down* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | בִלְעָם *of Balaam* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּגְלָא יְיָ יַת עֵינֵי בִלְעָם וַחֲזָא יַת מַלְאָכָא דַיְיָ מְעַתַּד בְּאָרְחָא וְחַרְבֵּיהּ שְׁלִיפָא בִידֵיהּ וּכְרַע וּסְגִיד לְאַפּוֹהִי The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.822/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:801`. - ← previous: [Numbers 22:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.30/) - next →: [Numbers 22:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.22.32/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/22/)