--- title: Numbers 31:16 — Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with the LORD in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD. Who acts: these, children, plague, Peor. Numbers 31:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Numbers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/31/) / 31:16 # Numbers 31:16 בְּמִדְבַּר **Who acts:** these, children, plague, Peor · **What happens:** cause, revolt, break, be, matter · **To what, where:** children, counsel, faith, matter This is Numbers 31:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — these, children, plague, Peor — and what happens in the verse to children, counsel, faith, matter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of Numbers on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵ֣ן הֵ֜נָּה הָי֨וּ לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֔ם לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה בַּעֲדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ [Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with the LORD in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1110/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NUM:1076 # text = הֵ֣ן הֵ֜נָּה הָי֨וּ לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֔ם לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּיהוָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה בַּעֲדַ֥ת יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = NUM.31.16 1 הֵ֣ן הֵן INTJ _ _ 5 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=NUM_31:16!1|MId=o040310160011|Strong=2005|Type=demonstrative 2 הֵ֜נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=NUM_31:16!2|MId=o040310160021|Strong=2007|Type=personal 3 הָי֨וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=NUM_31:16!3|MId=o040310160031|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:040310160021;|Type=qatal 4-5 לִבְנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_31:16!4|MId=o040310160041|Strong=3807a 5 בְנֵ֤י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=NUM_31:16!4|MId=o040310160042|Strong=1121 6 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=NUM_31:16!5|MId=o040310160051|Strong=3478 7-8 בִּדְבַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=NUM_31:16!6|MId=o040310160061|Strong=0871a 8 דְבַ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=NUM_31:16!6|MId=o040310160062|Strong=1697 9 בִּלְעָ֔ם בִּלְעָם PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Balaam|Ref=NUM_31:16!7|MId=o040310160071|Strong=1109 10-11 לִמְסָר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NUM_31:16!8|MId=o040310160081|Strong=3807a 11 מְסָר־ מָסַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=offer|Ref=NUM_31:16!8|MId=o040310160082|Strong=4560|Frame=A0:040310160042;A1:040310160091;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 מַ֥עַל מַעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=unfaithfulness|Ref=NUM_31:16!9|MId=o040310160091|Strong=4604 13-14 בַּיהוָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NUM_31:16!10|MId=o040310160101|Strong=0871a 14 יהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=NUM_31:16!10|MId=o040310160102|Strong=3068 15 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NUM_31:16!11|MId=o040310160111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 16 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.matter|Ref=NUM_31:16!12|MId=o040310160121|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 17 פְּע֑וֹר פְּעוֹר PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Peor|Ref=NUM_31:16!13|MId=o040310160131|Strong=6465 18-19 וַתְּהִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NUM_31:16!14|MId=o040310160141|Strong=2050b 19 תְּהִ֥י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=NUM_31:16!14|MId=o040310160142|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:040310160152;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NUM_31:16!15|MId=o040310160151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מַּגֵּפָ֖ה מַגֵּפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=plague|Ref=NUM_31:16!15|MId=o040310160152|Strong=4046 22-23 בַּעֲדַ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=NUM_31:16!16|MId=o040310160161|Strong=0871a 23 עֲדַ֥ת עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.congregation|Ref=NUM_31:16!16|MId=o040310160162|Strong=5712 24 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=NUM_31:16!17|MId=o040310160171|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=NUM_31:16!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | הֵנָּה *they* | | | | | מְסָר־ *offer* | infinitive construct · qal | בְנֵי *the people* | מַעַל *unfaithfulness* | | | | תְּהִי *it was* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַּגֵּפָה *plague* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} הָא אִינוּן הֲוָאָה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּעֲצַת בִּלְעָם לְשַׁקָרָא שְׁקָר קֳדָם יְיָ עַל עֵסַק פְּעוֹר וַהֲוַת מוֹתָנָא בִּכְנִשְׁתָּא דַיְיָ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to revolt so as to break faith with the LORD in the matter of Peor, and so the plague was among the congregation of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/NUM.1110/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NUM:1076`. - ← previous: [Numbers 31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.15/) - next →: [Numbers 31:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.31.17/) - ↑ back to [Numbers 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM/31/)