---
title: Deuteronomy 1:1 (JPS 1917) — THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jor… · tree and pragmatics
description: THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jordan; in the wilderness, in the Arabah, over against Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab. Who acts: THESE, Moses. Deuteronomy 1:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Deuteronomy 1:1 · JPS 1917

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THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jordan; in the wilderness, in the Arabah, over against Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab.

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**Who acts:** THESE, Moses · **What happens:** be, speak · **To what, where:** words, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Deuteronomy 1:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (THESE, Moses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:0
# text = THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jordan; in the wilderness, in the Arabah, over against Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab.
1	THESE	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ARE	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
6	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Arabah	Arabah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	over	over	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Suph	Suph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	between	between	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Paran	Paran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	Tophel	Tophel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	Laban	Laban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	Hazeroth	Hazeroth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	Di	Di	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	flat	_	_
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	41	punct	_	_
41	zahab	zahab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | THESE | the words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Moses | the words |  | the wilderness in the Arabah against Suph between Paran and Tophel and Laban and Hazeroth and Di zahab |  | unto all Israel; beyond the Jordan | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֵ֣לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ מ֨וֹל ס֜וּף בֵּֽין־פָּארָ֧ן וּבֵֽין־תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב דִ֥י זָהָֽב׃

[Deuteronomy 1:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:0` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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