--- title: Deuteronomy 3:28 (JPS 1917) — But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he sha… · tree and pragmatics description: But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.' Who acts: you, Joshua, people, thou. Deuteronomy 3:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.111/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/3/) / [3:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.28/) / JPS 1 # Deuteronomy 3:28 · JPS 1917 But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.' **Who acts:** you, Joshua, people, thou · **What happens:** charge, encourage, strengthen, go over, cause, inherit · **To what, where:** Joshua, people, land This is Deuteronomy 3:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Joshua, people, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DEU:111 # text = But charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which thou shalt see.' 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 2 cc _ _ 2 charge charge VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 Joshua Joshua PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 encourage encourage VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 7 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 strengthen strengthen VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 11 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 13 for for SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 14 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 17 over over ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 before before ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 det _ _ 20 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 cause cause VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 26 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 inherit inherit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 xcomp _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 obj _ _ 32 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 34 nsubj _ _ 33 shalt shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 34 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 acl:relcl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ 36 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **charge** | imperative | you *not said here* | Joshua | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location joshua=Theme | | 2 | **encourage** | infinitive | you *not said here* | Joshua | | | | | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 3 | **strengthen** | infinitive | you *not said here* | Joshua | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient | | 4 | **go over** | shall | Joshua | | | | before this people | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme before people=Location | | 5 | **cause** | shall | Joshua | people | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **inherit** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | the land | | | | | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme | | 7 | **see** | shall | thou | the land | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְצַ֥ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְחַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וְאַמְּצֵ֑הוּ כִּי־ה֣וּא יַעֲבֹ֗ר לִפְנֵי֙ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהוּא֙ יַנְחִ֣יל אוֹתָ֔ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּרְאֶֽה׃ [Deuteronomy 3:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.28/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:111` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 3:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.110/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 3:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.112/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 3:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.28/)