---
title: Deuteronomy 4:11 (JPS 1917) — And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burn… · tree and pragmatics
description: And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness. Who acts: ye, mountain. Deuteronomy 4:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 4:11 · JPS 1917

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And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness.

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**Who acts:** ye, mountain · **What happens:** come, stand, burn · **To what, where:** mountain

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This is Deuteronomy 4:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:123
# text = And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | ye |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | ye *not said here* |  |  | the mountain |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under mountain=Location |
| 3 | **burn** | past | the mountain |  |  |  |  | with fire; unto the heart of heaven; with darkness and cloud and thick darkness | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fire=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃

[Deuteronomy 4:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:123` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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