--- title: Deuteronomy 4:26 (JPS 1917) — I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye sha… · tree and pragmatics description: I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. Who acts: I, ye. Deuteronomy 4:26 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.138/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / [4:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.26/) / JPS 1 # Deuteronomy 4:26 · JPS 1917 I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. **Who acts:** I, ye · **What happens:** call, witness, perish, go, possess, not prolong · **To what, where:** heaven, land, Jordan · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Deuteronomy 4:26 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DEU:138 # text = I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. 1 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 call call VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 witness witness VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 8 against against ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ _ 10 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ _ 11 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 14 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 18 nsubj _ _ 15 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 16 soon soon ADV RB Degree=Pos 18 advmod _ _ 17 utterly utterly ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 perish perish VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 ccomp _ _ 19 from from ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 off off ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 23 whereunto whereunto ADV WRB PronType=Rel 25 advmod _ _ 24 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 25 nsubj _ _ 25 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 26 over over ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 possess possess VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 33 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 36 nsubj _ _ 34 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 36 advmod _ _ 36 prolong prolong VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 37 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 39 upon upon ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 42 but but CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 43 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 44 utterly utterly ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 45 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 46 aux:pass _ _ 46 destroyed destroy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 conj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: warn - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=warn | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present | I | heaven and earth | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **witness** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | | | | day | against you | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **perish** | shall | ye | | | the land | | soon, utterly *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from land=Causer | | 4 | **go** | present | ye | | | the Jordan | | whereunto *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over jordan=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **possess** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | heaven | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme | | 6 | **not** **prolong** | shall | ye | | | | day | upon land | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **destroy** | shall · passive | ye *not said here* | | | | | utterly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃ [Deuteronomy 4:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.26/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:138` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.137/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.139/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.26/)