--- title: Deuteronomy 4:32 (JPS 1917) — For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day… · tree and pragmatics description: For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and from the one end of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it? Who acts: days, God, such thing. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (days, God, such thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DEU:144 # text = For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and from the one end of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it? 1 For for SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 ask ask VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 2 advmod _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 7 past past ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 before before ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 6 acl:relcl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 since since ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 17 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 created create VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 20 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 upon upon ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 26 from from ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 29 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 32 unto unto ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 36 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 37 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 39 expl _ _ 38 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 been be VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 ccomp _ _ 40 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 42 det _ _ 41 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 43 as as SCONJ IN _ 47 mark _ _ 44 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 46 det _ _ 45 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj _ _ 47 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 advcl _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 49 or or CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 50 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 52 aux _ _ 51 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 52 aux:pass _ _ 52 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 conj _ _ 53 like like ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 obl _ _ 55 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=imp, act=request, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | | | | | now; day | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **is** | past | the days | | | | before thee | | tree rules | | 3 | **create** | past | God | man | | | | upon the earth | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Result | | 4 | **be** | present · perfect | any such thing | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **hear** | present · perfect · passive | any such thing *not said here* | | | | like end | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּ֣י שְׁאַל־נָא֩ לְיָמִ֨ים רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הֲנִֽהְיָ֗ה כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה א֖וֹ הֲנִשְׁמַ֥ע כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ [Deuteronomy 4:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.32/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:144` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:31 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.143/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:33 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.145/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.32/)