--- title: Deuteronomy 1:16 (JPS 1917) — And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes bet… · tree and pragmatics description: And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. Who acts: I, stranger. Deuteronomy 1:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/) / [1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.16/) / JPS 1 # Deuteronomy 1:16 · JPS 1917 And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. **Who acts:** I, stranger · **What happens:** charge, say, hear, judge, be · **To what, where:** judges, causes · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Deuteronomy 1:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, stranger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DEU:15 # text = And I charged your judges at that time, saying: 'Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 charged charge VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 judges judge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 13 Hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 ccomp _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 causes cause NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 between between ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 brethren brethren NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 judge judge VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 22 righteously righteously ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 between between ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 33 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 35 with with ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 acl:relcl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **charge** | past | I | your judges | | | time | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location judge=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | I *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **hear** | infinitive | | the causes | | | | between your brethren | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cause=Stimulus | | 4 | **judge** | infinitive | | | | | | between a man and LORD's brother and the stranger; righteously *property* | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** | present | the stranger | | | | | with LORD | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם צֶ֔דֶק בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֽוֹ׃ [Deuteronomy 1:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.16/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:15` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 1:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.14/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 1:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.16/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.16/)