---
title: Deuteronomy 4:45 (JPS 1917) — these are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, whi… · tree and pragmatics
description: these are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which Moses spoke unto the children of Israel, when they came forth out of Egypt; Who acts: these, Moses, children. Deuteronomy 4:45 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 4:45 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
these are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which Moses spoke unto the children of Israel, when they came forth out of Egypt;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** these, Moses, children · **What happens:** be, speak, come · **To what, where:** testimonies, Egypt · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Deuteronomy 4:45 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, Moses, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:157
# text = these are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which Moses spoke unto the children of Israel, when they came forth out of Egypt;
1	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	testimonies	testimony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ordinances	ordinance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obj	_	_
15	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
26	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	out	out	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	fixed	_	_
29	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | these | the testimonies and the statutes and the ordinances |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Moses | the testimonies and the statutes and the ordinances |  |  |  | unto the children of Israel | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past | children *= child* |  |  | Egypt |  | forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out egypt=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֵ֚לֶּה הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃

[Deuteronomy 4:45: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.45/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:157` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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