---
title: Deuteronomy 5:23 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of the darkness, while the mountain did burn with fire, that ye came near unto me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders; Who acts: stone, ye, mountain. Deuteronomy 5:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Deuteronomy 5:23 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of the darkness, while the mountain did burn with fire, that ye came near unto me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders;

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**Who acts:** stone, ye, mountain · **What happens:** come, pass, hear, burn · **To what, where:** voice, midst, heads

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This is Deuteronomy 5:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone, ye, mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:185
# text = And it came to pass, when ye heard the voice out of the midst of the darkness, while the mountain did burn with fire, that ye came near unto me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nsubj	_	_
9	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
30	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
31	near	near	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	even	even	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
36	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	38	det:predet	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	conj	_	_
46	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | stone |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | stone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hear** | past | ye | the voice |  | the midst of the darkness |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 4 | **burn** | past · do-support | the mountain |  |  |  |  | with fire | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with fire=Theme |
| 5 | **come** | past | ye | all heads of your tribes and your elders |  |  |  | unto me; near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֗י כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶ֤ם אֶת־הַקּוֹל֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהָהָ֖ר בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַ֔י כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְזִקְנֵיכֶֽם׃

[Deuteronomy 5:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.5.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:185` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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