---
title: Deuteronomy 1:28 (JPS 1917) — Whither are we going up? our brethren have made our heart to melt, s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Whither are we going up? our brethren have made our heart to melt, saying: The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and fortified up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakim there.' Who acts: we, brethren, heart, people. Deuteronomy 1:28 in JPS 1917 with its 
---

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# Deuteronomy 1:28 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whither are we going up? our brethren have made our heart to melt, saying: The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and fortified up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakim there.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, brethren, heart, people, cities · **What happens:** go up, make, melt, say, be, fortify up · **To what, where:** heart, sons · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Deuteronomy 1:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, brethren, heart, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:27
# text = Whither are we going up? our brethren have made our heart to melt, saying: The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and fortified up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakim there.'
1	Whither	whither	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	ccomp	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	conj	_	_
24	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
29	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
30	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	parataxis	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
33	up	up	ADV	RP	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
38	moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
39	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	conj	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	Anakim	Anakim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
47	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
49	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present · progressive | we |  |  |  |  | whither *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect | our brethren | our heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **melt** | to-infinitive | our heart *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | our brethren *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | the people |  |  |  |  | than we; great *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | the people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **is** | present | the cities |  |  |  |  | great *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **fortify up** | participle | the cities *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to heaven | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **see** | present · perfect | we | the sons of the Anakim |  | there |  | moreover *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer son=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אָנָ֣ה ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹלִ֗ים אַחֵינוּ֩ הֵמַ֨סּוּ אֶת־לְבָבֵ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר עַ֣ם גָּד֤וֹל וָרָם֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ עָרִ֛ים גְּדֹלֹ֥ת וּבְצוּרֹ֖ת בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־בְּנֵ֥י עֲנָקִ֖ים רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃

[Deuteronomy 1:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:27` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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