---
title: Deuteronomy 14:8 (JPS 1917) — and the swine, because he parteth the hoof but cheweth not the cud,… · tree and pragmatics
description: and the swine, because he parteth the hoof but cheweth not the cud, he is unclean unto you; of their flesh ye shall not eat, and their carcasses ye shall not touch. Who acts: badger, swine, ye. Deuteronomy 14:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 14:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and the swine, because he parteth the hoof but cheweth not the cud, he is unclean unto you; of their flesh ye shall not eat, and their carcasses ye shall not touch.

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**Who acts:** badger, swine, ye · **What happens:** part, not chew, be, not eat, not touch · **To what, where:** hoof, cud, carcasses

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This is Deuteronomy 14:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (badger, swine, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:409
# text = and the swine, because he parteth the hoof but cheweth not the cud, he is unclean unto you; of their flesh ye shall not eat, and their carcasses ye shall not touch.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	swine	swine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	parteth	part	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hoof	hoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cheweth	chew	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cud	cud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
25	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nsubj	_	_
26	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	parataxis	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	carcasses	carcass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
33	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nsubj	_	_
34	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
36	touch	touch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **part** | present | badger | the hoof |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hoof=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **chew** | present | badger *not said here* | the cud |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cud=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the swine |  |  |  |  | unto you; unclean *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **eat** | shall | ye |  |  |  |  | of beasts's flesh | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of flesh=Source |
| 5 | **not** **touch** | shall | ye | beasts's carcasses |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme carcass=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֥ה הוּא֙ וְלֹ֣א גֵרָ֔ה טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִגָּֽעוּ׃ס

[Deuteronomy 14:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.14.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:409` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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