---
title: Deuteronomy 1:42 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD said unto me: 'Say unto them: Go not up, neither fight;… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the LORD said unto me: 'Say unto them: Go not up, neither fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies.' Who acts: LORD, I. Deuteronomy 1:42 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 1:42 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto me: 'Say unto them: Go not up, neither fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** LORD, I · **What happens:** say, not go up, fight, not be, smite · **To what, where:** ye · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Deuteronomy 1:42 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:41
# text = And the LORD said unto me: 'Say unto them: Go not up, neither fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
15	up	up	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	18	cc	_	_
18	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
22	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
24	among	among	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	advcl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
28	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
31	before	before	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto me | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unto country | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **go up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **fight** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | among you | tree rules |
| 6 | **smite** | infinitive · passive |  | ye |  |  | before your enemies |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֱמֹ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לֹ֤א תַֽעֲלוּ֙ וְלֹא־תִלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ כִּ֥י אֵינֶ֖נִּי בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּֽגְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹיְבֵיכֶֽם׃

[Deuteronomy 1:42: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.42/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:41` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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