---
title: Deuteronomy 20:3 (JPS 1917) — and shall say unto them: 'Hear, O Israel, ye draw nigh this day unto… · tree and pragmatics
description: and shall say unto them: 'Hear, O Israel, ye draw nigh this day unto battle against your enemies; let not your heart faint; fear not, nor be alarmed, neither be ye affrighted at them; Who acts: ye, heart. Deuteronomy 20:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 20:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and shall say unto them: 'Hear, O Israel, ye draw nigh this day unto battle against your enemies; let not your heart faint; fear not, nor be alarmed, neither be ye affrighted at them;

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**Who acts:** ye, heart · **What happens:** say, hear, draw, let, faint, not fear · **To what, where:** ye · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Deuteronomy 20:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:544
# text = and shall say unto them: 'Hear, O Israel, ye draw nigh this day unto battle against your enemies; let not your heart faint; fear not, nor be alarmed, neither be ye affrighted at them;
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	vocative	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
14	draw	draw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	against	against	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
24	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
26	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	faint	faint	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
30	fear	fear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	35	cc	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	alarmed	alarm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	40	cc	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	aux:pass	_	_
39	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
41	at	at	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obl	_	_
43	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall |  |  |  |  |  | unto people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | Israel *vocative* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **draw** | present | ye |  |  |  | day | unto battle against your enemies; nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **faint** | infinitive | your heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn change\_bodily\_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **not** **fear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **alarm** | infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 8 | **affright** | infinitive · passive |  | ye |  |  |  | at people | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאָמַ֤ר אֲלֵהֶם֙ שְׁמַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֨ם קְרֵבִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם אַל־יֵרַ֣ךְ לְבַבְכֶ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֧וּ וְאַֽל־תַּחְפְּז֛וּ וְאַל־תַּֽעַרְצ֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃

[Deuteronomy 20:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:544` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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