---
title: Deuteronomy 21:3 (JPS 1917) — And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke. Who acts: city. Deuteronomy 21:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Deuteronomy 21:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke.

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**Who acts:** city · **What happens:** be, take, not wrought, not draw · **To what, where:** land, heifer, herd, yoke

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Deuteronomy 21:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:564
# text = And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	expl	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	slain	slain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	det	_	_
22	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	heifer	heifer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
34	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	wrought	wrought	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	acl:relcl	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	obl	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
39	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	42	nsubj	_	_
40	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	42	advmod	_	_
42	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	conj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | shall |  | land |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the city |  |  |  |  | unto the slain man; near *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | shall | the city |  | a heifer of the herd |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument heifer=Destination |
| 4 | **not** **wrought** | present · perfect · passive |  | the herd |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **draw** | present · perfect |  |  |  | the yoke |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in yoke=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָיָ֣ה הָעִ֔יר הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה אֶל־הֶחָלָ֑ל וְלָֽקְח֡וּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֜וא עֶגְלַ֣ת בָּקָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־עֻבַּד֙ בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־מָשְׁכָ֖ה בְּעֹֽל׃

[Deuteronomy 21:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:564` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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