--- title: Deuteronomy 22:4 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass or his ox fallen down by the wa… · tree and pragmatics description: Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass or his ox fallen down by the way, and hide thyself from them; thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again. Who acts: Thou, ass, brother. Deuteronomy 22:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.588/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/22/) / [22:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.22.4/) / JPS 1 # Deuteronomy 22:4 · JPS 1917 Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass or his ox fallen down by the way, and hide thyself from them; thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again. **Who acts:** Thou, ass, brother · **What happens:** not see, fall down, hide, help, lift up · **To what, where:** ass, thyself, brother, ox This is Deuteronomy 22:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, ass, brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DEU:588 # text = Thou shalt not see thy brother's ass or his ox fallen down by the way, and hide thyself from them; thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again. 1 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 nsubj _ _ 2 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 's 's PART POS _ 6 case _ _ 8 ass ass NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 ox ox NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 12 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 xcomp _ _ 13 down down ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 hide hide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 20 thyself thyself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch 19 obj _ _ 21 from from ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 24 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 27 nsubj _ _ 25 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 surely surely ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ _ 28 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 lift lift VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 up up ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 33 again again ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=request, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **see** | shall | Thou | thy brother's ass or brother's ox | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **fall down** | participle | thy brother's ass or brother's ox *not said here* | | | | | by the way; down *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by way=Location | | 3 | **hide** | infinitive | Thou *not said here* | thyself | | | | from ox | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent thyself=Patient from they=Beneficiary | | 4 | **help** | shall | thou | brother | | | | surely *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **lift up** | to-infinitive | brother *not said here* | ox | | | again | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לֹא־תִרְאֶה֩ אֶת־חֲמ֨וֹר אָחִ֜יךָ א֤וֹ שׁוֹרוֹ֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם הָקֵ֥ם תָּקִ֖ים עִמּֽוֹ׃ס [Deuteronomy 22:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.22.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:588` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 22:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.587/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 22:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.589/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 22:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.22.4/)