--- title: Deuteronomy 24:14 (JPS 1917) — Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, wheth… · tree and pragmatics description: Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates. Who acts: Thou, hired servant, man, strangers. Deuteronomy 24:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.653/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/24/) / [24:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.14/) / JPS 1 # Deuteronomy 24:14 · JPS 1917 Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates. **Who acts:** Thou, hired servant, man, strangers · **What happens:** not oppress, hire, be · **To what, where:** hired servant, land This is Deuteronomy 24:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, hired servant, man, strangers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DEU:653 # text = Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates. 1 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 nsubj _ _ 2 shalt shall AUX MD Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 oppress oppress VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 hired hire VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 amod _ _ 7 servant servant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 10 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 acl:relcl _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 needy needy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 14 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 15 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 16 be be AUX VBP Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 brethren brethren NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 advcl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 strangers stranger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 29 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 acl:relcl _ _ 30 within within ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 gates gate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=request, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **oppress** | shall | Thou | a hired servant | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **hire** | participle | | | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | a hired servant | | | | | poor *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | a hired servant *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **is** | present | man | | | | | of thy brethren or thy strangers | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | thy strangers | | | thy land | | within thy gates | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ [Deuteronomy 24:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:653` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 24:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.652/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 24:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.654/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 24:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.14/)