---
title: Deuteronomy 25:1 (JPS 1917) — If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment,… · tree and pragmatics
description: If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment, and the judges judge them, by justifying the righteous, and condemning the wicked, Who acts: controversy, men, judges. Deuteronomy 25:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Deuteronomy 25:1 · JPS 1917

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If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment, and the judges judge them, by justifying the righteous, and condemning the wicked,

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**Who acts:** controversy, men, judges · **What happens:** be, come, judge, justify, condemn · **To what, where:** men, righteous, wicked

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This is Deuteronomy 25:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (controversy, men, judges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:662
# text = If there be a controversy between men, and they come unto judgment, and the judges judge them, by justifying the righteous, and condemning the wicked,
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	be	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	controversy	controversy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	judge	judge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	justifying	justify	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	righteous	righteous	NOUN	JJ	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	condemning	condemn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	wicked	wicked	NOUN	JJ	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a controversy between men |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | present | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | unto judgment | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **judge** | present | the judges | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent they=Value |
| 4 | **justify** *speech: other* | gerund | the judges *not said here* | the righteous |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent righteous=Topic |
| 5 | **condemn** | gerund | the judges *not said here* | the wicked |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wicked=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֥ה רִיב֙ בֵּ֣ין אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְנִגְּשׁ֥וּ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט וּשְׁפָט֑וּם וְהִצְדִּ֙יקוּ֙ אֶת־הַצַּדִּ֔יק וְהִרְשִׁ֖יעוּ אֶת־הָרָשָֽׁע׃

[Deuteronomy 25:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:662` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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