---
title: Deuteronomy 28:25 (JPS 1917) — The LORD will cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou sh… · tree and pragmatics
description: The LORD will cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou shalt go out one way against them, and shalt flee seven ways before them; and thou shalt be a horror unto all the kingdoms of the earth. Who acts: LORD, thee, thou. Deuteronomy 28:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Deuteronomy 28:25 · JPS 1917

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The LORD will cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou shalt go out one way against them, and shalt flee seven ways before them; and thou shalt be a horror unto all the kingdoms of the earth.

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**Who acts:** LORD, thee, thou · **What happens:** cause, smite, go out, flee, be · **To what, where:** thee, one way, seven ways, horror

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Deuteronomy 28:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, thee, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:762
# text = The LORD will cause thee to be smitten before thine enemies; thou shalt go out one way against them, and shalt flee seven ways before them; and thou shalt be a horror unto all the kingdoms of the earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
16	out	out	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
25	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	before	before	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
31	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	nsubj	_	_
32	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
36	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	39	det:predet	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | future | the LORD | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **smite** | to-infinitive · passive | thee *not said here* |  |  |  | before thine enemies |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 3 | **go out** | shall | thou | one way |  |  |  | against enemies *= enemy*; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **flee** | shall | thou *not said here* | seven ways |  |  | before enemies *= enemy* |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **is a** | shall | thou | a horror |  |  |  | unto all kingdoms of the earth | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
יִתֶּנְךָ֨יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִגָּף֮ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶיךָ֒ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ תֵּצֵ֣א אֵלָ֔יו וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים תָּנ֣וּס לְפָנָ֑יו וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְזַעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃

[Deuteronomy 28:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:762` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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