---
title: Deuteronomy 28:48 (JPS 1917) — therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send agai… · tree and pragmatics
description: therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things; and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee. Who acts: thou, LORD. Deuteronomy 28:48 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tr
---

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# Deuteronomy 28:48 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things; and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

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**Who acts:** thou, LORD · **What happens:** serve, send, put, destroy, want · **To what, where:** enemy, hunger, yoke, neck, thee, things

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Deuteronomy 28:48 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:785
# text = therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things; and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.
1	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	thirst	thirst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	nakedness	nakedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	want	want	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
35	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	yoke	yoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
45	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
46	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
47	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Sub|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
48	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	36	advcl	_	_
49	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	48	obj	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | shall | thou | thine enemy |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Attribute |
| 2 | **send** | shall | the LORD | thine enemy |  | hunger and thirst and nakedness and want of all things |  | against thee | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent whom=Theme in hunger=Destination |
| 3 | **put** | shall | LORD | a yoke of iron |  | thy neck |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent yoke=Theme upon neck=Destination |
| 4 | **destroy** | present · perfect | LORD | thee |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient |
| 5 | **want** |  |  | all things |  |  |  |  | nom want «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעָבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְשַׁלְּחֶ֤נּוּ יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔ךְ בְּרָעָ֧ב וּבְצָמָ֛א וּבְעֵירֹ֖ם וּבְחֹ֣סֶר כֹּ֑ל וְנָתַ֞ן עֹ֤ל בַּרְזֶל֙ עַל־צַוָּארֶ֔ךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃

[Deuteronomy 28:48: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.48/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:785` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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