---
title: Deuteronomy 31:23 (JPS 1917) — And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and of good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore unto them; and I will be with thee.' Who acts: Moses, thou, I. Deuteronomy 31:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.877/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/31/) / [31:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.23/) / JPS 1

# Deuteronomy 31:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and of good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore unto them; and I will be with thee.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Moses, thou, I · **What happens:** give, say, be, bring, swear · **To what, where:** son, Joshua, children, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Deuteronomy 31:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moses, thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DEU:877
# text = And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and of good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore unto them; and I will be with thee.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Nun	Nun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj	_	_
25	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	obj	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
37	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	_
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
41	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
42	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
43	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	cop	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Moses | the son of Nun | Joshua |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moses *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bring** | shall | thou | the children of Israel |  | the land |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme into land=Destination |
| 5 | **swear** | past | I | the land |  |  |  | unto children *= child* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality |
| 6 | **is** | future | I |  |  |  |  | with thee | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְצַ֞ו אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֗וּן וַיֹּאמֶר֮ חֲזַ֣ק וֶֽאֱמָץ֒ כִּ֣י אַתָּ֗ה תָּבִיא֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי לָהֶ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֖י אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃

[Deuteronomy 31:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Onkelos →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.23/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DEU:877` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Deuteronomy 31:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.876/)
- next →: [Deuteronomy 31:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.878/)
- ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 31:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.23/)